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| He was a governor in 1833 that closed down the Spanish mission system |
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| A cowboy or someone who works with livestock |
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| A Mexican farming town/village |
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| large pieces of land given by the government |
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| a group of people that help make laws |
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| John Bidwell was a school teacher that was in the first wagon group to successfully cross the Sierra Nevadas. He found gold in the Feather river. He is known as one of California's greatest farmers. |
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| Jedediah Smith was a mountain man, trapper and explorer that led the first group through the Mojave desert. The Mexican government thought Jedidiah was a spy and ordered him to go home. |
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| James was a former slave who discovered a pass through the Sierra Nevada Mountain range that made it much safer for crossing. The pass is called Beckwourth Pass. He also helped raise money to build a road through the pass. This would make it easier to get to some of the richest mining areas. |
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| What were some of the things traded for cowhide? |
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| iron, glass, spice, ropes, plates, silk |
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| What were some changes that took place after Mexico won the war? |
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| Missions were closed down. Land grants were given out |
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| He was the last governor of Mexican California. He was worried about so many American settlers coming to Mexican California, and he was right. |
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| Nicknamed "The Pathfinder". He was an explorer that wrote excellent descriptions, articles and maps. His descriptions of California made many want to come here. |
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| A group of people in 1846 that traveled to California through a shortcut in the Sierra Nevadas called the Donner pass. Half of the settlers that took this shortcut died of starvation. |
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| The man who stirred up the Mexicans, encouraging them to fight Spain. He went around shouting "Long live Mexico" and rallied "troops" |
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