Term
| Postural Control - Newborn |
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Definition
Physiological flexion
Head lag during pull-to-sit
Legs extend when held in standing position
Head follows body during rotation |
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Term
| Postural Control - 1-2 mos. |
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Definition
Physiological flexion decreases
"Floppy" |
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Term
| Postural Control - 3-5 mos. |
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Definition
Head righting complete by the end of this stage
Trunk righting also activating
Landau reaction beginning
Primitive reflexes fading out |
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Term
| Anatomy / Structure & ROM - Newborn |
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Definition
Head large in proportion to body
Spine mostly flat with 2 shallow flexion (primary) curves
Limited RoM and UE & LE mobility - capsular inflexibility |
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Term
| Anatomy / Structure & ROM - 1-2 mos. |
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Definition
| Increasing extension and upper thoracic rotation |
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Term
| Anatomy / Structure & ROM - 3-5 mos. |
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Definition
Secondary curves develop in spine
Extensors maintain sustained contraction
Gluteus maximus becomes active and defined |
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Term
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Definition
Attempts to lift head, less stability than prone
Fatigues easily and rolls forward into prone |
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Term
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Definition
Head held upright
Shoulders and neck stable, lower body does not support |
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Term
| Posture and Movement - Newborn |
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Definition
Flexed posture at rest
Head rarely in midline
Automatic stepping reaction |
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Term
| Posture and Movement - 1-2 mos. |
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Definition
Smoother kicking motions
Less jerky movement |
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Term
| Posture and Movement - 3-5 mos. |
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Definition
Reflexive movements no longer dominate
Attempts transitions in body position as motor learning begins |
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Term
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Definition
Pelvis raised by excessive hip flexion
Body weight shifted to head and shoulders - movement difficult |
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Term
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Definition
Infant works extremely hard at lifting and turning head
Cannot lift or hold in midline |
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Term
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Definition
Arms can bear weight, more stability from legs and hips
Head can be lifted in midline
Props up on forearms, then total arm extension |
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Term
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Definition
Gravity lessens flexion in this position
Less stable than prone - can startle from own random movements |
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Term
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Definition
More extension, still asymmetrical
Unable to hold head in midline
Observable ATNR
More hip extension - can rest feet on floor |
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Term
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Definition
Dominated by symmetrical extremity movements
Reciprocal kicking
Hands to midline
Greater hip flexibility - brings feet to hands |
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Term
| Random movements - Newborn |
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Definition
Alternating flexion/extension
Total extension or flexion patterns
Startle
ATNR |
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Term
| Random movements - 1-2 mos. |
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Definition
| Wide, windmilling arm movements |
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Term
| Upper Extremity Development - Newborn |
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Definition
| In prone, initial forward collapse of shoulders causes mobilization of scapulae and humeri In supine, gravity causes lengthening of pectoralis major |
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Term
| Upper Extremity Development - 1-2 mos. |
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Definition
Rotator cuff muscles strengthening
Arms can now support some weight in prone
Baby pushes against ground with forearms |
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Term
| Upper Extremity Development - 3-5 mos. |
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Definition
Can prop weight on arms in prone
Begins to shift weight laterally to reach out with one arm in prone
Pushes against ground - develops extensor muscles |
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Term
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Definition
Desire to be upright increases
Sometimes extends legs and stands during pull-to-sit |
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Term
| Hand development - Newborn |
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Definition
Hands fisted with strong grasp reflex
No voluntary grasp/release or response to stimuli |
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Term
| Hand development - 1-2 mos. |
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Definition
Continued grasp reflex
Some awareness of object in hand
Reflexive clutching, pulling arm into flexion |
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Term
| Hand development - 3-5 mos. |
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Definition
Sustained voluntary grasp
Ulnar digits used in gripping
Scratching - tactile awareness in hand |
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Term
| Visual development - Newborn |
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Definition
Sensitive to light
Can track moving objects |
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Term
| Visual development - 1-2 mos. |
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Definition
Tracks from periphery to midline
Fixates gaze on hand in ATNR |
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Term
| Visual development - 3-5 mos. |
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Definition
Eyes fixate on hands
Follows an object 180 degrees
Visually directed reach and grasp
Improving hand-eye coordination |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Suckling, rooting reflex still present
May lose coordination of suckling-swallowing-breathing process with increased head and body movements |
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Term
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Definition
Brings objects to mouth to explore
Teething |
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Term
| Respiration / Vocalization - Newborn |
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Definition
Nose breather
Produces sounds when moving body |
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Term
| Respiration / Vocalization - 1-2 mos. |
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Definition
Active movements lengthening ribcage
Cooing |
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Term
| Respiration / Vocalization - 3-5 mos. |
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Definition
No longer obligatory nose breather as pharyngeal alignment changes
Babbling |
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