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| sailed for Portugal; set up trading posts on West Coast of Africa, set up a navigation school |
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| sailed for Portugal; made a route around Africa's tip (route to Asia to cut out Italians as the middlemen), discovered Cape of Storms later renamed Cape of Good Hope |
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| sailed for Portugal; first to make it to India from Portugal (arrived in Calicut, did not come back with many goods) |
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| sailed for Portugal; commissioned to India, landed in Brazil, claimed for Portugal |
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| sailed for Spain; discovered new continent: The Americas |
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| sailed for Spain; recognized the Americas as a new continent and the land was named after him |
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| sailed for Spain; crossed the Isthmus of Panama and first European to see the South Sea which was later dubbed the Pacific Ocean |
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| sailed for Spain; conquered the Inca Empire (southern Peru) |
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| sailed for Spain; first crew to sail around the world, expedition to the Philippines |
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| sailed for Spain; discovered lands around Mississippi River and Florida |
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| sailed for Spain; first European around the Southwest, looking for wealth, politician of New Spain, first to see Grand Canyon? |
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| sailed for Spain; conquered the Aztecs |
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| sailed for France; looked for Northwest Passage to Asia, not successful, explores North Carolina and New York |
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| sailed for France; sailed the St. Lawrence River, claimed Montreal for France (not official), opened Canada up for further exploration |
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| sailed for France; sailed along the Mississippi River and explored the Great Lakes, fur trader for France, claimed Louisiana for King Louis |
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| sailed for France; claims Quebec for France (first real French settlement in the New World) |
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| sailed for England; claimed a part of Canada for England, looking for route to Asia and wealth, explored New England, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland |
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| sailed for England; found Frobisher Bay, attempted to find Northwest Passage, sailed up coast of Canada up to Greenland |
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| sailed for England; sea dog (pirate), first Englishman to navigate the world, successful in battle against the Spanish Armada |
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| sailed for the Dutch; looked for Northeast Passage to Asia, discovered and claimed New York, Hudson River and Hudson Bay for the Dutch, set up future colonization of the New World for the Dutch |
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