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New TestamentMIdterm Names
New Testament Names
47
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 1
07/16/2010

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Term
King David
Definition
Son of Jesse, tribe of Judah. Became king of Israel, consolidated the twelve tribes, secured Jerusalem as his capital, and conquered surrounding nations.
Term
Jeroboam
Definition
Led the ten northern tribes of Israel to rebel against Solomon's son, Rehoboam
Term
Rehoboam
Definition
Established himself in Jerusalem as king.
Term
The Assyrians
Definition
Conquered the kingdom of Israel in 721 BC. Deported the upper classes of Israel, leaving only the peasants.
Term
The Samaritans
Definition
People of mixed Assyrian and Israel blood, Seen as the lower lower class by the Jews. They were considered unclean and apostate. They considered Moses to be the great and final prophet.
Term
Babylonians
Definition
Rose in power and swept through the Holy Land in 587 BC. Babylonians crashed the kingdom of Judah, destroying the capital city, Jerusalem, and deporting the Jews to Babylon.
Term
Cyrus, king of Persia
Definition
Subdued the Babylonians, allowing Jews to return back to Israel in 527 BC. To this day Persia is considered an ally of Israel.
Term
Ezra and Nehemiah
Definition
Led the Jews to reconstruct Jerusalem following the Babylonian captivity. Built the temple and city walls of Jerusalem.
Term
Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi
Definition
Wrote about the reconstruction period of Jerusalem, following the babylonian captivity.
Term
Aaron, brother of Moses
Definition
Men had to be literal descendants of him in order to be High Priests.
Term
Alexander the Great
Definition
Controlled Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt. Developed a system of "Hellenism" to make the conquered people more Greek. When he died, his four generals divided the empire among themselves.
Term
Seleucus
Definition
Alexander the Great's general who received Syria and Palestine to rule following his death.
Term
Antiochus IV Epipharies
Definition
King of Syria and Palestine that sought to outlaw Judaism and transform Jerusalem into the Greek polls, or city, named Antiochia.
Term
Mattathias Hasmon
Definition
A Jew who retaliated against Antiochus by killing a Greek officer sent to institute pagan worship in the village. This began a revolution that reached its pinnacle in 165 BC.
Term
Mattathias Hasmon
Definition
A Jew who retaliated against Antiochus by killing a Greek officer sent to institute pagan worship in the village. This began a revolution that reached its pinnacle in 165 BC.
Term
Judah the Maccabee
Definition
Maccabee means Hammer. Son of Mattathias Hasmon, he reconquered Jerusalem for Israel. He rededicated the temple for Judaism, and Hanukkah celebrates this event.
Term
The Hasmoneans
Definition
Ruled Jerusalem following the reconquering of Judah the Maccabee. They gradually became corrupt and eventually betrayed the common people.The Hasmoneans reunited with enemies and ruled against the pharisees.
Term
Alexander Jannaeus
Definition
One infamous Hasmonean ruler who betrayed the Pharisees, the leaders of the common people, which ultimately lead to the crucifixion of 800 of them.
Term
Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus
Definition
Sons of Alexander Jannaeus who got into a family feud. This feud got the attention of Rome and Persia, because each brother sought support from both nations. Rome supported Hyrcanus and Persia supported Aristobulus.
Term
Antipater
Definition
An Idumean leader, supporter of Hyrcanus in the feud for control over Jerusalem, and was the father of Herod the Great. Ruled along side Hyrcanus following the Roman Conquest of Israel.
Term
Herod the Great
Definition
The son of Antipater, assumed control over the Roman Jewish state after Antipater died.
Term
Pompey
Definition
The roman general that conquered Israel and installed Hyrcanus as the high priest with Antipater as his principal counsellor.
Term
Herod Philip
Definition
Son of Herod the Great, received the areas to the North and East of Galilee. The New Testament seldom mentions him.
Term
Herod Antipas
Definition
The Herod mentioned in connection with Jesus' ministry, obtained the areas of Galiee and Perea. He is remembered in infamy for beheading John the Baptist.
Term
Archelaus
Definition
Son of Herod the Great, was given power over Judea as his inhertiance. Romans promptly deposed him in 6 AD, because of his erratic ruling style.
Term
Pontius Pilate
Definition
After deposing Archalaus, direct roman procurators ruled Judea and replaced the office of king. Pontius Pilate was one of these procurators.
Term
John the Baptist
Definition
An Elias, the forerunner to Christ. Son of Zacharias and Elizabeth. Baptized Christ, killed by Herod Antipas.
Term
Elohim
Definition
The hebrew for God, Heavenly Father.
Term
Jehovah
Definition
A name meaning the self-existent one. This was Christ in the New Testament.
Term
Joseph
Definition
The "father" of Jesus, his lineage is given in both Matthew and Luke.
Term
Zacharias
Definition
John the Baptist's father, priest of the temple, geneologically should have been the high priest. Burned the incense in the morning and evening prayer, a Levite. The angel gabriel appeared to him in the temple.
Term
Elisabeth
Definition
Barren, old, wife of Zacharias who miraculous conceived and gave birth to John.
Term
Josephus
Definition
first-century Jewish historian and hagiographer of priestly and royal ancestry who recorded first century Jewish history, such as the First Jewish–Roman War which resulted in the Destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD. Recorded some details of Christ and gave important information of the world he lived in.
Term
Simeon
Definition
A man who knew of the Christ's birth previously through the Holy Ghost. Simeon had a revelation that he would see Christ before he died. He saw Christ, blessed him, and told Mary the "the spear shall pierce through him to the wounding of thine own souls."
Term
Anna
Definition
A faithful woman who went to the temple, prayed, and fasted, and was a witness of Christ.
Term
Anna
Definition
A faithful woman who went to the temple, prayed, and fasted, and was a witness of Christ.
Term
Herodias
Definition
Incestuous wife of Herod Antipas.
Term
Salome
Definition
Daughter of Herodias, according to records of Josephus. Danced for Herodias.
Term
Nicodemus
Definition
He was probably a member of the Sanhedrin. Some evidence suggests that he had become a disciple and was a member of the group of many Jewish leaders that believed in Jesus' name. Asked Christ how one attains salvation.
Term
Brothers of Jesus
Definition
James, Joses, Juda, and Simon.
Term
Hillel and Shammai
Definition
Jewish religious leaders that preceded Christ that made important contributions to the Law and Doctrine. Hillel supported humane rulings, while Shammai was much more strict.
Term
Peter's Mother-In-Law
Definition
Christ's first recorded healing.
Term
Issue of Blood Lady
Definition
Touched the hem of Christ's garment and was healed. Christ lost "strength" when this happened. Even at this time Christ suffered to heal us. The only woman Christ calls daughter in the whole New Testament.
Term
Roman centurion
Definition
A centurion was man who lead 100 men. The roman centurion Christ helped was a "God-Fearer," meaning he was converted but had not yet become a full member. He built a synagogue.
Term
palsy-stricken man
Definition
palsy restricts the movement of the limbs. This was when Christ proved he could both forgive sins and heal people by the Power of God.
Term
Jairus' Daughter, widow of Nain's son, Lazarus,
Definition
People he raised from the dead, demonstrating the supremacy he had over death.
Term
Nobleman of Capernaum
Definition
Trusts that the Lord can heal his son from a distance, fulfilling prophesy in Isaiah.
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