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| Birth of Jesus Due to 4 BC being the year of King Herod's death, it is usually cited by modern Biblical literalists as being the last possible birth year of Jesus. His birthday is unknown, but Biblical literalists, based on two Gospels, claim it was in or around April. |
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| Date of Jesus’ Crucifixion OR RESURRECTION! |
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| Romans destroyed the temple at Jerusalem |
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| How do we explain the similarities between the synoptic gospels; two source hypothesis (Markan priority - Book of Mark written first and hypothetical source); Mark and Q were two sources for Matt and Luke |
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| Quelle; Wellhausen has discovered that Matthew and Luke used this source and the Gospel of Mark to write their books; consists of the sayings of Jesus; hypothetical |
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| The belief that Jesus became flesh by being conceived in Mary; celebrated at Christmas; Jesus became both God and man; Book of John |
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| the belief that each individual soul existed before and at conception (this soul is placed by God in the body) |
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| the eternal Word; Jesus is called this in the gospel of John; He is divine, incarnate, pre-existent of Jesus |
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| Latin for "Glory to God in the Highest"; sung by the angels at Jesus' birth |
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| The Song of Solomon (Luke 2: 29-32) used as a canticle in Christian liturgy, esp. at compline and evensong; meaning now let your servant depart; said to Simeon in the book of Luke in the temple where baby Jesus was dedicated by God. |
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| Take from Luke's gospel (1:46-55), is the blessed Virgin Mary's hymn of praise to the Lord; Mary proclaims the Lord's greatness and characteristic humility and grace here. |
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| The Transfiguration of Jesus is an episode in the New Testament narrative in which Jesus is transfigured (or metamorphosed) and becomes radiant upon a mountain. The Synoptic Gospels (Matthew 17:1–9, Mark 9:2-8, Luke 9:28–36) describe it, and 2 Peter 1:16–18 refers to it. In these accounts, Jesus and three of his apostles go to a mountain (the Mount of Transfiguration). On the mountain, Jesus begins to shine with bright rays of light. Then the prophets Moses and Elijah appear next to him and he speaks with them. Jesus is then called "Son" by a voice in the sky, assumed to be God the Father, as in the Baptism of Jesus; The Transfiguration is one of the miracles of Jesus in the Gospels. This miracle is unique among others that appear in the Canonical gospels, in that the miracle happens to Jesus himself. In Christian teachings, the Transfiguration is a pivotal moment, and the setting on the mountain is presented as the point where human nature meets God: the meeting place for the temporal and the eternal, with Jesus himself as the connecting point, acting as the bridge between heaven and earth; turning point in the synoptic gospels leads to transfiguration, similar to Jesus’ baptism; Jesus was declared the Messiah |
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| Jesus' baptism and testing in wilderness |
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| Mark 1: 9-13;At that time Jesus came from Nazareth in Galilee and was baptized by John in the Jordan. Just as Jesus was coming up out of the water, he saw heaven being torn open and the Spirit descending on him like a dove. And a voice came from heaven: “You are my Son, whom I love; with you I am well pleased.” At once the Spirit sent him out into the wilderness, and he was in the wilderness forty days, being tempted by Satan. He was with the wild animals, and angels attended him. |
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| Exorcisms; healings; nature miracles; feeding of 5000; primary function is to reveal who Jesus is; the book of John gave seven signs (miracles) |
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| Controversies with the Jewish elite- Sabbath healings, oral tradition, forgiving sins, eating with tax collectors and sinners (cleanliness), Jesus’ authority, and his controversial claims about his identity, ect. |
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| Sunday, rest on the seventh day; reminds us that rest is an essential part of God’s creational order. |
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| Perfect; clean; couldn't be completely pure without cicrumcision |
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| Story, teaching illustration, metaphor, accessible to everyone, 39 in synoptic gospels (none in John); parable of the sower, parable of the wicked tenants (occurs in the last week of Jesus’ life) |
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| Mark 8:27- Jesus went on with his disciples to the villages of Caesarea Philippi; and on the way he asked his disciples, “Who do people say that I am?”. Peter: You are the Messiah; Jesus: The son of man must suffer |
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| The promised deliverer of the Jewish nation prophesied in the Hebrew Bible. Jesus, regarded by Christians as the Messiah of the Hebrew prophecies and the savior of humankind |
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| Jesus telling us about the end; destruction of the temple predicted; a sign will be present with Christ's coming and the end of the current age; uses fig tree as a metaphor |
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| Greek word for presence, arrival, or official visit; the word is used 24 times in the New Testament |
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| Remember how God saved Israel from Egypt; in all the gospels; The Last Supper is the final meal that, according to Christian belief, Jesus shared with his Apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion. The Last Supper is commemorated by Christians on Maundy Thursday; it provides the scriptural basis for holy communion; 1 Corinthians is the earliest known mention of the Last Supper; the four canonical Gospels all state that the Last Supper took place towards the end of the week, after Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem and that Jesus and his Apostles shared a meal shortly before Jesus was crucified at the end of that week; during the meal Jesus predicts his betrayal by Judas, and foretells that, before next morning, Peter will deny knowing him three times. The Synoptic Gospels and 1 Corinthians include the account of the institution of the Eucharist in which Jesus takes bread, breaks it and gives it to the Apostles, saying: "This is my body which is given for you”. The Gospel of John does not include this episode, but tells of Jesus washing the feet of the Apostles, giving the new commandment "to love one another as I have loved you", and has a detailed farewell discourse by Jesus, calling the Apostles who follow his teachings "friends and not servants", as he prepares them for his departure. |
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| Jesus, the Messiah, was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally executed on a cross. Collectively referred to as the Passion, Jesus' redemptive suffering and death by crucifixion represent the central aspects of Christian theology, including the doctrines of salvation and atonement |
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| belief in life after death/soul/spirit going to heaven/metaphorical accounts/dead body; literally risen again; empty tomb and witnesses provide evidence for resurrection; core of the early church preaching was proclamation that God raised Jesus from the dead; firm belief in resurrection of Jesus was the primary cause of the emerging and growth of the church and the courage of the first martyrs. |
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| Convened to consider the issue whether Gentile believers must be circumcised to be eligible for salvation and question the relationship of the Gentile believers to the Jewish customs and religions practices; everyone agreed that the circumcision wasn’t necessary; (Sanhedrin) |
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| establishment of a church in Syrian Antioch further paved the way for the mission of the Gentiles; the church was full of spirit and wanted to spread the gospel throughout Asia Minor |
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| Paul’s three missionary journeys; first was in Asia Minor and Cyprus, second was to Macedonia and Greece, third was to Galatia; Macedonia and Ephesus; after the missionary journeys he traveled to Rome where he was martyred after appearing before the Jerusalem council and Roman governors |
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| secretary who may have written some of the epistles; sometimes the author dictated and the secretary wrote his words other times just oral instructions were left to the Amanuensis regarding what to write. |
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| salutation found in the epistles, similar to from__and to___ |
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| Romans, 1&2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1&2 Thessalonians, 1&2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon |
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| study of Christ and Jesus as the Messiah; anything to do with the nature and work of Jesus; Corinthians, Philippians |
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| What Christians taught about the end times and issues of Judgments of God; 1&2 Thessalonians |
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| What Christians taught about sins, salvation, and the work of Christ, Romans, Galatians, Corinthians |
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| What Christians taught about the mission of the church, also known as pastoral letters; 1&2 Timothy, Titus |
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| Hebrew, James, 1&2 Peter, 1-3 John, Jude; have a general audience rather than a particular addressee (an individual or a church); use epistolary form/genre, however they are strange epistles |
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| "to uncover”/”to reveal”; revealing hidden spiritual reality and future events; employs angels/ heavenly beings as guides to explain visions; used in the book of Revelation |
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| letters have numeric value; numbers can hide words, names, etc. |
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| died in 4BC; orders the children of Bethlehem to be killed in an attempt to get rid of Jesus who the magi identified as king of the Jews |
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| father Zechariah and mother Elizabeth (Mary's cousin); preaches in the wilderness, last of the OT prophets, social justice message; baptism (sign of repentance), had doubts while in prison |
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| son of Herod the Great; beheads John the Baptist |
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| mother of Jesus; book of Luke is written from her perspective; present at Jesus' crucifixion; resent at the Day of Pentecost |
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| The Roman governor who was reluctant to condemn Jesus but forced to under pressure from the Jewish elite |
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| high priest; appear when Jesus is arrested |
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| high priest during the time of Jesus' trial; appear when Jesus was arrested |
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| one of the apostles; Peter's confession that Jesus is the Messiah; later denied knowing Jesus three times after his crucifixion; transfiguration, important in the book of Acts |
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| author of the books of Acts and Luke; written from Mary’s perspective; shepherds; poetic writing; emphasis on the Holy Spirit; people prophecy about the child in the temple (when Jesus was 12 years old), one of the only stories told of His childhood; companion of Paul; not Jewish; never met Jesus |
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| person to whom Luke writes and who perhaps sponsored the project; also mentioned in the book of Acts; means lover of God |
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| Paul-Greek name; Saul was his preferred Jewish name; 13 Pauline Epistles; encounters the risen Jesus on his way to Damascus; Paul’s three missionary journeys to Gentiles; emphasizes his conversion, faithfulness to Judaism, the resurrection of Jesus, arguments from Scripture for the Messiah and the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead; persecution of the Christians; Pharisee |
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| prevailed in a debate about Jesus and non-Christian Hellenists too offense to these arguments bringing charges of blasphemy and saying he spoke about destroying the Temple and changing Jewish customs; defended his case for Jesus when brought to council and he was killed by a stoning/martyrdom |
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| God-fearing Gentile who lived in Casarea by the Sea; first Gentile who converted to the gospel of Jesus along with his family, two visions open the door to Gentil evangelism; heard the message through Peter |
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| continues the ministry of Paul/works alongside him; includes Paul’s pastoral concerns and address issues related to the congregational life within the church; works in and around Ephesus |
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| continues the ministry of Paul/works alongside him; includes Paul’s pastoral concerns and addresses issues related to the congregational life within the church; works in and around Crete |
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| influential and wealthy person that was a slave owner in Colossae; prison(Pauline) epistle; Christian |
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| mediator of the Jerusalem council and head of the Jerusalem church; brother of Jesus; synagogue rather than a church; addresses true religion, true faith, and true wisdom. |
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| purpose is to encourage Christians to be faithful to the earlies Christian teachings; warns of the godless people that have slipped into the church; half-brother of Jesus; challenges people to keep themselves in God’s love, be merciful to doubting and to everything they can to convert or reclaim those who are not following the faith |
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| Outline Jesus' ministry in terms of time (year of obscurity, year of popularity, and year of rejection) |
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Year of Obscurity: events prior to his Galilean ministry
Year of Popularity: Galilean ministry up to feedings of the 5000
Year of Rejection: Peter’s confession starts the journey to Jerusalem and passion |
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| Outline Jesus’ ethics as taught in the Sermon on the Mount |
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Jesus’ antithetical statements : “You have heard…” and “But I say to you…”
Anger, adultery, divorce, oaths, retaliation, loving your enemies
Be perfect as your heavenly father
Give alms in secret, prayer in secret (Lord’s Prayer), fast in secret, belongings (serving two masters), worry-spiritual problem |
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| Outline the key events during Jesus’ final week |
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Saturday: anointing by Mary at Bethany
Sunday: triumphal entry (Palm Sunday)
Monday: temple cleansing and fig tree
Tuesday: fig tree (a sign of the coming death of Jesus), teaching in the temple and confronted about his authority, sermon on the Mount of Olives
Wednesday :?
Thursday: preparation for Passover, Last Supper- establishes the new covenant, farewell speech, betrayal, Gethsemane, arrest, interrogations, Peter’s denial
Friday: Sanhedrin, Pilate, Herod, crucifixion, burial
Saturday: in grave
Sunday: resurrection appearances (40 days later) ascension into heaven (Book of Acts) |
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| Major events and importance of the book of Acts |
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| author is Luke; second volume to the gospel of Luke; progression of Gospel from Judea and Samaria to the heart of the gentile world-Rome, mission still continued by the church to take the gospel to the ends of the Earth, conversion of Saul; Paul’s missionary journey’s and arrest, gives the earliest record of church history (began at the Pentecost) from the eyewitnesses, record sermons of the early church, record reasons of conflict with Judaism and remember the first martyrs, show the power of the Holy Spirit that was active in the lives of Jesus and the apostles; Cornelius conversion; circumcision debate at Jerusalem Council |
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| Themes and significance of Paul’s letter to Romans/1Corinthians/Philippians/1Timothy |
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Romans: Paul has never visited Rome when he writes to Roman churches, he intends to visit and then travel to Spain; systematic explanation of the Gospel; explanation of God’s redemption of both Jews and Gentiles; basis of salvation for all people is the same- universal sinfulness, justification through death of Jesus, sanctification and holy life; practical exhortations for Christian living
1 Corinthians: Paul stayed in Corinth 1.5 years; Paul didn’t personally know/meet Jesus; Began in Antioch and planted churches throughout the area; Cosmopolitan port city, theater, sports, temples, shrines, prostitutes, markets, taverns; mentions that a previous letter is missing; addresses divisions in the church, sexual sins, lawsuits between Christians, immorality, marriage/singlehood, etc.
Philippians: prison epistle written by Paul; Christ-like suffering; Paul’s possible death-focus on reward; living is Christ and dying is gain; Ancient Philippi
1 Timothy: Paul is the model to be followed and Timothy is to be a similar model to the church; instructions that are opposite of Paul’s opponents; duties of the church and church leaders-instruct false teachers to discontinue their teachings (those who promoted Jewish Gnosticism); instructions for prayer-pray for everyone and the salvation of all humanity; avoid sin and strive for purity; respect elders; slaves show respect to masters; pursue righteousness |
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