Term
| Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) |
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Definition
| (1933) Put young men (18-25) to work building roads, developing parks, planting trees, and helping in soil erosion and flood control projects. By the time it ended in 1942, it put almost 3 million men to work, paid them monthly wages of $30, and supplied them with free food. They planted over 200 million trees, a project aimed at preventing another dust bowl. |
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Term
| Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) |
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Definition
| (1933) Funded with $500 million to provide direct relief to the needy. Half was given to states as grants to furnish food and clothing to the unemployed, aged, and ill. The rest was distributed to states to support work relief programs, depending on individual state contributions to those programs. |
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Term
| National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) |
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Definition
| (1933) It created the Public Works Administration (PWA) to provide money to states to create jobs chiefly in construction of schools and community buildings. Because it did not sufficiently lower unemployment, the CWA took shape. |
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Term
| Civil Works Administration (CWA) |
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Definition
| (1933) The CWA provided 4 million immediate jobs during the winter of 1933-1934. The CWA built 40,000 schools and paid the salaries of over 50,000 schoolteachers in rural areas. It also built over half a million miles of roads. |
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Term
| Works Progress Administration (WPA) |
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Definition
| (1935) Set out to create as many jobs as possible as quickly as possible. The WPA spent $11 billion to give jobs to over 8 million workers, mostly unskilled. They built 850 airports, constructed/repaired 651,000 miles of roads and streets, put up over 125,000 public buildings, and made 300 million garments for the needy. |
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Term
| National Youth Administration (NYA) |
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Definition
| (1935) Created specifically to provide education, jobs, counseling, and recreation for young people. The NYA provided student aid to high school, college, and graduate students in exchange for their work in part-time positions at schools. For youth who had dropped out of school, the NYA provided part-time jobs working on highways, parks, and on grounds of public buildings. |
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Term
| Emergency Banking Relief Act (EBRA) |
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Definition
| (1933) On March 5, Roosevelt declared a bank holiday to prevent withdrawals. EBRA authorized the Treasury Department to inspect the country’s banks, ensuring that only sound banks could remain open. |
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Term
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) |
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Definition
| (1933) Established by the Glass-Steagle Act. The FDIC could provide federal insurance for bank accounts up to $5,000 (now $100,000). |
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Term
| National Recovery Administration (NRA) |
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Definition
| The NIRA sought to promote industrial growth by establishing codes of fair practice. It created the NRA, which set price standards to many products, and promoted recovery by stopping wage cuts, falling prices, and layoffs. It also passed a section of the NIRA that guaranteed workers’ right to unionize and bargain collectively. |
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Term
| Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) |
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Definition
| (1934) Regulated the stock market by keeping people and companies with inside information from rigging the market. |
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Term
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Definition
| (1935) Created a seven-member board to regulate the nation’s money supply and the interest rates on loans. |
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Term
| Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDC) |
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Definition
| (1938) Required manufacturers to list ingredients in foods, drugs, and cosmetic products. |
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Term
| Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) |
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Definition
| (1933) Sought to raise crop prices by lowering production. The government paid farmers to leave land unseeded, destroy crops, and slaughter livestock. Resulted in plowing under 10 million acres of crops, slaughtering 6 million pigs, and raising prices. |
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Term
| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) |
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Definition
| (May 18, 1933) Focused on the badly depressed Tennessee River Valley. Renovated/constructed dams, created thousands of jobs, provided flood control, hydroelectric power, and other benefits to the impoverished region. |
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Term
| Rural Electrification Administration (REA) |
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Definition
| (1935) Only 12.5% of American farms in 1935 had electricity. The REA financed and worked with electrical cooperatives to bring electricity to isolated areas. 48% of farms and rural homes had electricity in 1945, rising to 90% in 1949. |
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Term
| Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) |
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Definition
| (1933) Provided loans to homeowners who faced foreclosure because they couldn’t meet their loan payments. |
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Term
| Federal Housing Administration (FHA) |
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Definition
| (1934) Insured loans for building and repairing homes. |
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Term
| United States Housing Authority (USHA) |
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Definition
| (1937)Provided federal loans for low-cost public housing. |
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Term
| National Labor Relations Board (Wagner Act) |
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Definition
(1935) Established after NIRA declared unconstitutional. It reestablished the NIRA provision of collective bargaining, protected the right of workers to join unions, and prohibited unfair labor practices such as threatening workers, firing union members, and interfering with union organizing.
It set up the NLRB to hear testimony about unfair practices and hold elections for union representation. |
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Term
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Definition
| (1938) Set maximum hours at 44 hours per week, decreasing to 40 hours after two years. It set minimum wages at 25 cents per hour, increasing to 40 cents per hour by 1945. It also set rules for employment of workers under 16 and banned hazardous work for those under 18. |
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Term
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Definition
(1935) Had three major parts:
• Provided old age insurance for retirees 65 or older and their spouses. It was a supplemental retirement plan. Half came from the worker and half from the employer. It made retirement easier and more comfortable.
• Established an unemployment compensation system. It was funded by a federal tax on employers and was administered at the state level. The initial payments ranged from $15 to $18 per week.
• Provided aid to families with dependent children and to the disabled. It was paid for by federal funds made available to the states. |
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