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| a virus that infects bacteria |
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| in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base |
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| the spiral-staircase structure characteristic of the DNA molecule |
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| the rules stating that cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine in DNA, and that adenine pairs with uracil in RNA |
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| the duplication of a DNA molecule |
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| an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule |
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| the way genetic information is expected to be transferred in a single direction through a biological system |
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| ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis |
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| the process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template; particularly the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand of a DNA molecule as a template |
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| an enzyme that starts (catalyzes) the formation of RNA by using a strand of a DNA molecule as a template |
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| messenger RNA, a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a protein |
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| ribosomal RNA, an organelle that contains most of the RNA in the cell and that is responsible for ribosome function |
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| an RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the growing end of a polypeptide chain during translation |
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| the portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains |
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| in DNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal |
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| in an mRNA molecule, a sequence of three nucleotides (UUA, UAG, and UGA) that does not encode an amino acid and therefore stops protein synthesis |
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| a specific sequence of bases in mRNA to which a molecule of tRNA binds in the first step of protein synthesis |
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| a region of tRNA that consists of three bases complementary to the codon of mRNA |
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