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Definition
a chemical, gas, or hormone that is synthesized in and released from a nueron
Stored in vesicles |
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Definition
Includes:
- Peptides: amino acid chains
- Synthesized in cell body
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Definition
Includes:
- Amino Acids
- Monamines
- Acetylcholine
- Gases
Synthesized in the terminals
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Definition
| the process of Neurotransmission release |
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| protiens that contain binding sites for particular neurotransmitters |
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Definition
a molecule of the correct shape that can fit into a protein and activate or block it
Like a key it has to fit |
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| directly control ion channels when they recieve a particular neurotransmitter |
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Definition
| receive particular transmitters, but do not directly control ion channels. Instead, they activate molecules known as G protien |
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a metabolic receptor that is located in the presynaptic membrane
- tells the axon terminal how much neurotransmitters has released
- they regulate calcium channels and the machinery involved in exocytosis
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Definition
| transporters in the terminal (or on the dendrites) take the neurotrasmitters back inside the neuron to be repackage or degraded |
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| enzymes found in the synaptic cleft that break down neurotransmitters after it is released |
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| neurotransmitters simply move out of the synaptic cleft |
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Definition
- Large molecules that more resemble protiens
- over 100 different peptide neurotransmitters in the brain
- endorphins (pain and pleaser)
- slower signaling than the small molecule neurotransmitters
- broken down by degradative enzymes in synaptic cleft
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Term
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Definition
- Small Molecule Neurotransmitters
- Building blocks for proteins
- Glatamate, Glycine, Aspartate (from food; excitatory)
- GABA (made from glutamate in neurons and astrocytes; inhibitory)
- found in the majority of fast-acting, directed synapse
- use re-uptake mechanisms
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Term
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Definition
- small molecule neurotransmitters
- made from a single amino acid
- more diffuse effects than amino acids
- have highly branched axons and their cell bodies tend to be clusted in small groups in the brain stem
Catecholamines
- Dopamin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
- made from tyronsine
Indolamine
- Serotonin
- made from tryptophan (in malk-makes you sleepy)
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Definition
- small molecule neurotransmitters
- Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide
- made in the cell body and diffuses across the membrane (not released in vesicles)
- believed to play a role in retrograding signaling (signaling from postsynaptic neuron to presynaptic neuron)
- very short lived; broken down inside cells quickly by enzymes
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Definition
- in a class by itself
- made from putting on acetyl group onto choline (hence the name)
- found in neuromuscular junctions
- degraded in the synapse by acethylcholinesterase (chops the acetyl group off the choline)
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of a particular neurotransmitter are drugs that increase the neurotransmitter effect
Ex: Cocain |
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Drug Effects
(Antagonists) |
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Definition
of a particular neurotransmitter are drugs that reduce the neurotransmitter effect
Ex: Botox |
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