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| Involving several sesnory modalities. For example a blind person in early life can become better at hearing then others because visual cells can analyze hearing stimuli. |
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| A condition in which stimuli in one modality evoke the involuntary experience of an additional sensation in another modality. Like some people might see colors with numbers and letters. |
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| The outermost layer of skin, over the dermis. |
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| The middle layer of skin, between epidermis and hypodermis. contains web of nerve fibers. network of connective tissue and blood vessels. |
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| Also the subcutaneous tissue. innermost layer. Provides an anchor for muscles, contains pacinian corpuscles, helps shape body. |
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| touch receptors that mediate most of our ability to perceive the form of objects we touch? |
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| A skin receptor cell type that detects light touch. More numorous than Merkel's disc but less spacial recognition. Specialize in changing stimuli. |
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| A skin receptor cell type that detects light touch |
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| A skin receptor cell type that detects stretching of the skin. Slow adapting. They are very few but have large receptor feilds. |
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| A somatosensory system that delivers touch stimuli via the dorsal columns to the brain. Go to medulla. Goes to thalamus and then primary somatosensory cortex. |
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| A strip of skin innervated by a particular spinal root. Like certain nerves are for the thoracic area and differnet ones are for the lumbar area. |
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| Discomfort normally associated with tissue damage. |
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| Congenital Insensitivity To Pain |
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| Condition of being born without being able to perceive pain. |
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| A receptor that responds to stimuli that produce tissue damage or pose the threat of damage. |
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| An axon that terminates in the skin without any specialized cell associated with it and that detects pain and/or changes in temperature. |
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| the chemical that makes chili peppers spicy hot. compound synthesized by various plants to deter predators by mimicking the experience of burning. |
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| Transient Receptor Potential vanilloid Type 1 (TRVP1) |
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A receptor that binds capsaicin to transmit the burning sensation form chili peppers and normally detects sudden increase in temperature.
So basically, the capsaicin activatesTRPV1 receptors in the body that normally detect noxious heat. causes intense burning. |
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| Transient Receptor Potential 2 (TRP2) |
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| A receptor, in some nerve endings, that opens channels in response to rising temperatures. So this is for even higher temps than in TRPV1.Foundin large axons. Liking burning hand on skillet where as 1 is like eating something spicy. |
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| A small, unmyelinated axon that conducts pain information slowly and adapts slowly. TRPV1 has C Fiber because it's slower reacting and not as severe as burning yourself. |
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| Cool-Menthol Receptor 1 (CMR1) |
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| or TRP8. Sensory receptor. Found in free nerve endings. Opens ion channel in response to mild temp drop or exposure to menthol. |
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| Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP). |
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| a neuropeptide that stimulates neurons in the dorsal horn to provide the sensation of itch. |
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| Anterolateral System or Spinothalamic System |
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| A somatosensory system that carries most of the pain information from the body to the brain. |
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| An Amino acid transmitter, most common excitatory transmitter. |
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| A peptide transmitter implicated in pain transmission. |
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| Pain caused by damage to peripheral nerves. Often difficult to treat. Phantom limb pain is an example of this. Pain seems to be due to imappropriate singaling of pain by neurons rather than actual tissue damage. |
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| Pain is eventually integrated here. is active when people believe something will be painful. emotional aspects of pain are found here. Also illusionary pain is found here. |
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| Absence or reduction in pain. Often caused by opiuts. |
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| A class of compounds that exert an effect like that of opium, including reduced pain sensitivity. |
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| A family of peptide transmitters. body's own narcotics. Three kinds are: Enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins. |
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| involved in pain perception |
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| Transcutanoeous Electrical Nerve Stimulations (TENS) |
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| Delivery of electrical pulses through electrodes attached to the skin, which excite nerves that supply the region to which pain is referred? |
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administered to people who have taken drug overdoses. Binds to receptors for endogenous opiodes
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Substance, given to a patient, that is ineffective but sometimes brings defeat.
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