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Neuroscience Test 1
Ch 1, 2, 3, 5
77
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
02/05/2009

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Term
applied research
Definition
research intended to ring about some direct benefits to humankind
Term
autonomic nervous system
Definition
the division of the NS that regulates the body's inner environment
Term
between - subjects design
Definition
different group of subjects tested under each condition
Term
biopsychology
Definition
the scientific study of the biology of behavior
Term
case study
Definition
study taht focuses on a single case or subject
Term
cerebral cortex
Definition
the outer layer of the cerbral hemispheres
Term
clinical
Definition
pertaining to illness or treatment
Term
cognition
Definition
refers to higher intellectual processes usch as though, memory, attention and complex perceptual processes
Term
cognitive neuroscience
Definition
the youngest division of biopsychology, most active and exciting
Term
comparative approach
Definition
teh study of biological processes by comparing different species
Term
comparative psychology
Definition
deals generally with biology behavior, rather than specifically w/ neural mecham=nisms of behavior
Term
confounded variable
Definition
when there is more than one difference that could affect the dependent varialble, difficult to determine whether it was the ind var or the unintended diff
Term
converging operations
Definition
different focuses are focused on a single problem in such a way that the strengths of one approach compensate for the weaknesses of hte others
Term
coolidge effect
Definition
the fact that copulating male who beomces incapable of continuing to copulate with one sex partner can often recommence copulating with a new sex partner
Term
electroencphalogram
Definition
usual measure of brain activity is scap eeg
Term
ethological research
Definition
the study of eanimal behavior in its natural enviornment
Term
evolutionary perspective
Definition
thinking of enviornmental pressures that likely led to the evolution of our brains and behavior often leads to important biopsychological insights
Term
gneralizability
Definition
the degree to which their results can be applied to other cases
Term
Kosakoff's syndrom
Definition
severe memory loss, alocholics, thiamine deficiency
Term
leucotome
Definition
surgical device used for lobotomy
Term
Morgans canon
Definition
when there are several possible interpretations for a behavioral observation, the rule is to give precedence to the simples one
Term
neuroanatomy
Definition
the study of the structure of the nervous system
Term
neurochemistry
Definition
the study of the chemical bases of neural activity
Term
neuroendocrinology
Definition
the study of interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system
Term
neurons
Definition
cells that receive and transmit electrocehmical signals
Term
neurons
Definition
cells that receive and transmit electrocehmical signals
Term
neurons
Definition
cells that receive and transmit electrocehmical signals
Term
neuroathology
Definition
the study of the ns disorders
Term
neuropharmacology
Definition
the study of the effects of drugs on neural activity
Term
neurophysiolgy
Definition
the study of the functions and activities of the NS
Term
neuropsychology
Definition
study of psychological effects of brain damage in human patients
Term
neuroscience
Definition
the scientific study of the NS
Term
physiological pscyhology
Definition
division of biopsychology that studies the neural mechanisms of behavior thru the direct manipulation of the brain in controlled experiments (animals)
Term
prefrontal lobes
Definition
large areas, left and right, at the very front of the brain
Term
prefrontal lobotmy
Definition
a surgical procedure in which the connections b/w prefrontal loves and rest of brain are cut as treatment for mental illness
Term
psycholopharmacology
Definition
similar to physiological psychology, focuses on manipulation of nerual activity and behavior with drugs
Term
psychophysiology
Definition
division that studies the rlation b/w physiological activity and psychological processes in humans
Term
pure research
Definition
research motivated primarily by the curiosity of the researcher
Term
quasiexperimental studies
Definition
studies of groups of subj who have been exposed to the conditions of interest in the real world, potential confounded factors not controlled
Term
scientific inference
Definition
the logical process by which ovservable events are used to infer the properties of unobvservable events
Term
transorbital lobotomy
Definition
a prefrontal loboty performed with a cutting instrument inserted thru eye socket
Term
asomatognosia
Definition
a deficiency in the awarenes of parts of one's own body
Term
brain stem
Definition
regulates reflex activities that are cricitcal for survival (hear rate, respiration, blood glucose level)
Term
cerebrum
Definition
cerebral hemispheres
Term
chordates
Definition
animals with dorsal nerve cords (large nerves taht run along the center o the back)
Term
codon
Definition
each group of 4 consectuive nucleotide bases along the mRNAstrand
Term
conspecifics
Definition
members of the same species
Term
convergent evolution
Definition
the evoltion in unrelated species of similar solutions to the same environmental demands
Term
convolutions
Definition
folds on cerbral surface
Term
ethology
Definition
study of animal bechaior in the wild
Term
exaptations
Definition
some characteristics evolved to perfrom one functionand were later co-opted to perform another
Term
gene expression
Definition
production of the protein specified by a particular gene
Term
heritability estimate
Definition
numerical estimate of the proportion of variability that occurred in a particular trait in a particluar study as a result of gentic differences to pehnotypic deifferences among subjects
Term
instinctive behaviors
Definition
bhevarios the occur in all like members of a species even when there seems to have been no opportunity for them to have been learned
Term
ontogeny
Definition
development of individuals over their life span
Term
phylogeny
Definition
evolutionary development of species thru the ages
Term
operator genes
Definition
each controlls a strucftural gene of a group of related structural genes
Term
polyandry
Definition
one female forms mating bonds with more than one male
Term
polygyny
Definition
one male forms mating bonds with more than one female
Term
sensitive period
Definition
peiod usually early in life during which a particular experience must occur to have a major effect on the development of a trait
Term
sensorimotor phase
Definition
juvenile males begin to twitter subsongs, rambling ovcalizations refined
Term
structural genes
Definition
genes that contain the information necesary for the synthesis of a protein
Term
afferent nerves
Definition
carry sensory signals from the skin skeletal muscles joints eyes to the CNS
Term
anterior
Definition
towards the nose end (Front_
Term
arachnoid membrane
Definition
inside dura mater, fine spiderweblike stucture
Term
astrocytes
Definition
fourth calss of glial cels, largest, allow the passage of some chemicals from the blood into CNS neurons and in blocking other chemicals
Term
autonomic NS
Definition
part of peripheral nNS that regulates the body's internal envioronment
Term
biopolar neuron
Definition
a neuron w/ two processes extending from its cell body
Term
central canal
Definition
small central channel that runs the length of the spinal cord
Term
cerebrospinal fluid
Definition
the colorless fluid that fills the subarachnoid space, teh central canal, the cerbral ventricles
Term
choroid plexuses
Definition
networks of capillaries (small blood vssels) that proturde into the entricles from the pia mater
Term
columnar organization
Definition
neurons in agiven vertical column of neoortex often form a miniciruit that performs a single function
Term
ganglia
Definition
clusters of cell bodies
Term
interneuron
Definition
neruons iwth short axons or no axon art all, function is to integrate the neural activity within a single brain structure
Term
microglia
Definition
3rd class of glial cells, repsond to injury or disease by muliplying, engulfing cellular ebris and triggering inflammatory responses
Term
nuclei
Definition
in CNS cluseters of cell bodies
Term
nuclei
Definition
in CNS cluseters of cell bodies
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