Term
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Definition
| found in CNS. 3:1 ratio with neurons. maintain chemical environment, control rate of action potential, clear neurotransmitters from synaptic cleft, help neurons develop, heal damaged neurons |
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Term
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Definition
type of glial cell
maintain chemical environment
can reside as neuronal stem cells |
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Term
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Definition
type of glial cell
wrap the axon with myelin sheath (faster signal conduction) |
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Term
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Definition
type of glial cell
act as macrophages to find and demolish dead neurons and debris
act as immune system of CNS
alert other microglia of brain injuries (inflammation) |
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Term
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Definition
in CNS
high concentration of soma, dendrites, glia, and axons all tangled together
where synaptic connections are made |
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Term
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Definition
in CNS
just the axons (myelination makes it appear white) |
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Term
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Definition
knee jerk response; circuit in PNS
afferent --> association/interneuron --> efferent
once muscle contracts while the other relaxes (stimulatory and inhibitory) |
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Term
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Definition
sensory neuron, take in external stimuli
sends signal towards brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
motor neuron
muscle movement or endrocrine
signal sent from brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
processes info between afferent and efferent
only in the CNS |
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Term
| Central Nervous System Organization |
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Definition
| axons are bundled into tracts called commisures (make up white matter) |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System Organization |
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Definition
sensory and motor
somatic motor division (brain/spinal chord to skeletal muscles)
visceral/autonomic division |
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Term
| Visceral/Autonomic Division |
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Definition
parasympathetic: regulates organs and glands (unconsciously)
sympathetic: reacts to stress and regulates fight-or-flight response |
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Term
Computerized Topography
"CT" |
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Definition
brain imaging
uses narrow x-ray beams
resolution is several mm (not great)
harmful |
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Term
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
"MRI" |
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Definition
brain imaging
uses magnets (less harmful than x-rays) to read hydrogen atom location (where H2O is being used)
resolution is mm |
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Term
Positron Emission Tomography
"PET" |
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Definition
brain imaging
labels either water, glucose, or neurotransmitters with an isotope
can be done while patient is active |
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Term
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Definition
brain imaging
uses isotopes to label and detect photons
can be done while patient is active |
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Term
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
"fMRI" |
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Definition
brain imaging
like to MRI except it measures the distortion created by presence of hemoglobin (blood flow throughout brain)
can be done while patient is active |
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