MRI T1 Weighted

HOLOPROSENCEPHALY

Missing Caudate

CT Scan

Blood in the Subarachnoid space on the patients right

Blood follows the sulci

SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE

CT Scan

ALZHEIMERS DISEASE

Brain shrinking

Atrophy (general)

T2 MRI- Spinal fluid is WHITE

T1 MRI- Spinal fluid is DARK

Low IQ, possibly seizures.

Generally low functioning

Think of Lissencephaly

This is an isodense subdural hematoma

Notice that the Gray-White junction on the patients left has shifted

Notice blood in this region

CT SCAN

This patient has Macrogyri

Similar presentation to Lissencephaly, likely with similar defecits

This is a CT SCAN

This patient has multiple abscesses

The most prominent is visible in the frontal lobe on the patients right

Notice the RING ENHANCING LESION, surrounded by vasogenic edema that follows the gray-white junction

On a side note, both the pineal and choroid plexi are calcified

HIV- Toxoplasmosis

A smoker with mets from the lungs

Vasogenic Edema

Found around a ring-enhancing lesion

It will FOLLOW THE GRAY-WHITE JUNCTION

This is a T2 weighted MRI

This patient has a ring enchancing lesion in the posterior frontal or parietal lobe

Notice the VASOGENIC EDEMA surrounding the lesion

This could be an embolism from the heart, or brain mets

The small light nodule on the patients left side might be an additional lesion.

Multiple lesions would be suggestive of an infectious or metastatic process

This is a T2 weighted MRI of a patient with a PCA stroke on the left

notice the profuse CYTOTOXIC edema which obliterates both GRAY AND WHITE matter

This is cellular swelling associated with hypoxia and infarction

You will see the GRAY AND WHITE MATTER are both involved

Think of cardiac arrest, stroke, hypoxia

This is a CT scan of a patient with

DIFFUSE EDEMA

Notice there is no gray-white distinction

This is diffuse CYTOTOXIC edema

Possible etiologies are:

Cardiac Arrest (most likely)

Drowning

Anoxia

This is a CT scan of a patient that had a BASILAR STROKE

Notice the presence of CYTOTOXIC EDEMA

The 4th ventricle is just barely visible

The brainstem is very clearly edematous

This is a CT scan of a patient with white matter disease

The top of the thalamus and the top of the lateral ventricles are visible

Notice that the gray-white border is more prominent

There are evident diffuse white matter changes

This could be a hereditary white matter disease

Possibly Diffuse MS

This is a T2 weighted MRI of a patient with white matter problems

Notice that the white matter in this patient is very much enhanced

This is a T1 weighted image of a patient with a classic pituitary tumor

Notice the internal carotid arteries visible on each side of the mass

This is a T1 weighted MRI of a patient with a cordoma

It is growing on the CLIVUS

We could call this a Clival Tumor

This is a T1 weighted MRI of a patient with agenesis of the corpus callosum

The absence of this structure has lent a strange shape to the diencephalon

The cerebellum also appears to be slightly smaller in size

The clivus is visible on this image as a white triangle at the level of the oropharnyx anterior inferior to the basilar pons

This is a CT scan of a patient with severe hydrocephalus

The ventricles are visible and HUGE

This level of hydrocephalus, and the symmetrical nature of the expanded ventricles, suggests that the aqueduct of sylvius is likely blocked

This patient has Hydrocephalus Ex-Vacuo

The brain has atrophied, causing the appearance of hydrocephalus because it leaves more room for the ventricles to expand and fill

This is a CT scan of an unlucky patient with ONE BIG VENTRICLE

This is a genetic defect, most likely a form of holoprosencephaly

This patient is missing deep midline structures.

This could be due to an embryological deformity, but it is also possibly caused by a cerebral infarct in-utero, after which all of the dead structures have receded