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neuron (basic definition) |
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neuroglial cell (basic definition) |
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Definition
| specialized cell of the nervous system that produces myelin, communicates between cells, and maintains the ionic environment, as well we provides other functions |
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dendrite (basic definition) |
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| process of a neuron that receives input from other neurons |
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| a nerve fiber; conducts a nerve impulse away from a neuron cell body |
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nerve impulse (basic definition) |
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Definition
| electrochemical process of depolarization and repolarization along a nerve fiber |
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Definition
bundle of nerve fibers (nerve fiber=axon of a neuron) |
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synapse (basic definition) |
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Definition
functional connection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another neuron or the membrane of another cell type Mrs. Webster- "synapse=the gap" |
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neurotransmitter (basic definition) |
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Definition
| chemical that an axon end secretes to stimulate a muscle fiber to contract or a neuron to fire an impulse |
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-central nervous system -made of the brain and spinal cord |
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-peripheral nervous system -made of portions of nervous system outside the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) |
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-somatic nervous system -motor pathways of the peripheral nervous system that lead to the skin and skeletal muscles |
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-automatic nervous system -portion of the nervous system that controls the viscera -(viscera=organs found within a body cavity) -controls automatic stuff like heartbeat, gland secretion, respiration, digestion |
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| portion of a nerve cell that includes a cytoplasmic mass and a nucleus, and from which the nerve fibers extend |
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Definition
| -type of neuroglial cell that surrounds a fiber of a peripheral nerve, forming the neurilemma and myelin |
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Definition
-fatty material that forms a sheathlike covering around some nerve fibers -it increases the speed of transmission |
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Definition
-sheath on the outside of some nerve fibers formed from schwann cells -"the cell part" of the scwann cell |
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Definition
| -short regions of exposed (unmyelinated) axon between scwann cells on neurons of the peripheral nervous system |
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Term
hyperpolarization (basic definition) |
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Definition
| -increase in the negativity of the resting potential of a cell membrane |
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| -the loss of an electrical charge on the surface of a cell membrane |
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Definition
-nerve impulses arriving at the same neuron -allows system to collect, procerss and respond to info -when axons originating from different parts of hte nervous system lead to the same neuron |
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