Term
| most organs have dual innervation of SNS and PNS. Exceptions that are only innervated by the SNS include: |
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Definition
KAPS
- kidney
- adrenal medulla
- piloerector muscles
- sweat glands |
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Term
| The ANS has ganglia __ the CNS that work in reflexes. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| transmit it info away from periphery and to the brain |
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Term
| Efferent nerves go to the __. |
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Definition
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Term
| Somatic nerves release __ on __ receptors. |
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Definition
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Term
| The SNS has __ preganglionic nerves with ganglia close to the __ __. __ is released onto a ___post ganglionic nerve which releases __ to the target organ. |
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Definition
- short preganglionic nerves
- spinal cord
- acetylcholine
- long post ganglionic nerve
- norepinephrine
SNS> short preganglionic nerve> acetylcholine> long postganglionic nerve> NE> target tissue |
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Term
| The PNS has a __ preganglionic nerve b/c the ganglion is close to the target organ. ___ is released onto the __ postganglionic nerve that relesases __ to the target cell. |
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Definition
- long preganglionic nerve
- target organ
- short postganglionic
- acetylcholine |
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Term
| ALL SOMATIC NERVES RELEASE ACEYTL CHOLINE AND ALWAYS HAS EXCITATORY EFFECT |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ANS preganglionic nerves all release __. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ANS postganglionic nerve fibers release __ or __. |
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Definition
| acetylcholine or norepinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
- craniosacral (cranial nerves, especially vagus)
- CN III, VII, IX, and X |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The PNS has __ __preganglionic fibers and ganglia are near __ __. |
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Definition
long myelinated
target organs |
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Term
| The SNS has __ preganglionic fibers b/c ganglia are near the __ __. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Ratio of preganglionic fibers to postganglionic fibers for PNS: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Ratio of preganglionic to postganglionic fibers for SNS: |
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Definition
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Term
| When the PNS is active (rest and digest), blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rates are __, while GI activity is __. |
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Definition
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Term
| What will pupils and skin be like with PNS activated? |
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Definition
- pupils constricted (dont need to see far when sitting on couch)
- warm skin |
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Term
| What happens to skin and eyes when SNS activated? |
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Definition
- eyes dilate (need lots of light and see far if running from dinosaur)
- skin cold and sweaty (nervous) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| The SNS outflows from T_ to L__. |
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Definition
T1 to L2-3
Synapse with neurons lying in sympathetic ganglia
Paravertebral sympathetic ganglia (22 pairs)
Prevertebral ganglia in abdomen and pelvis – celiac, superior mesenteric, aorticorenal, and inferior mesenteric
Terminal ganglia – near end organs – urinary bladder, rectum, cervical ganglia
Adrenal gland |
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Term
| sympathetic neurons produce the __ horns of the spinal cord. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sympathetic preganglionic fibers pass through the __ rami and synpase in the __ __ __. |
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Definition
- white
- paravertebral chain ganglia |
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Term
| Fibers from __ to __ form the splanchic nerves and synpase with __ ganglia. |
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Definition
- T5-L2 form the splanchic nerves
- synpase with collateral ganglia (prevertebral ganglia) |
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Term
| 4 ganglia locations the SNS communicates with: |
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Definition
- Paravertebral Sympathetic Ganglia aka Sympathetic chain
- Prevertebral Ganglia aka Collateral
- Terminal Ganglia
- Adrenal Gland |
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Term
| The Paravertebral Ganglia aka the __ __ is superior, inferior, middle, and cervical (whatever that means?). There are 22 pairs. |
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Definition
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Term
| The prevertebral ganglia aka __ __ communicates wiht the __ and __ to the celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. |
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Definition
- collateral ganglia
- abdomen and pelvis |
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|
Term
Sympathetic discharge more difusse b/c:
Can act all up and down sympathetic chain
And can cuase release of NE and epi from adrenal medulla
Also it talkes longer to degrade NE/epi |
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Definition
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|
Term
SNS: A preganglionic fiber arise in intermediolateral cell column of thoracolumbar spinal cord
Preganglionic fiber follows one of three pathways upon entering the paravertebral ganglia (refer to previous slide)
Synapse with the ganglionic neuron within the same ganglion (1)
Ascend or descend the sympathetic chain to synapse in another chain ganglion (2)
Pass through the chain ganglion and emerge without synapsing (3)
Synapses with a postganglionic in a paravertebral or prevertebral ganglion |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibers of the ___ ___ nerve pass directly into the adrenal medulla. |
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Definition
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Term
| Usually the PNS and SNS oppose each other. Exceptions include: |
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Definition
- Salivary and sweat glands- both cause secretions
- Ciliary muscle- both cause contraction
- Male sexual response (P-erection, S- ejaculation) |
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Term
| When both the PNS and SNS are maximally activated, the __ effects are predominant. |
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Definition
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Term
| The enteric nervous system controls __ __. |
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Definition
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Term
| Visceral reflexes: a stimulus is taken in via the __ __ ganglion and processed in the integration center, maybe a __ neuron. Then via the __ root ganglion via the postganglionic axon a response is made. |
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Definition
- dorsal root ganglion
- preganglionic neuron
- ventral root ganglion |
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Term
| Acetylcholine is released in all __ synapses onto __ receptors. |
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Definition
- preganglionic synpases
- nictonic receptors |
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Term
| PNS preganglionic receptors are __ receptors, and postganglionic receptors are __ receptors. |
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Definition
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Term
| The SNS releases __ in the postganglionic synpase onto a __ receptor for sweat glands> eccrine watery sweat. ( this is an exception for the SNS). |
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Definition
- acetylcholine
- muscarinic |
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|
Term
| Atropine blocks muscarinic receptors but does not affect acetyl choline binding to musculoskeleteal b/c muscles have nicotenic receptors not muscarinic. |
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Definition
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Term
| Smooth muscles have ___ junction. |
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Definition
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Term
| Remember both the SNS and PNS can each be excitatory/inhibitory depending on what organ they are working on. |
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Definition
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Term
| alpha 1 receptors are main adrenergic receptor, activation of these receptors causes __ influx |
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Definition
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Term
| A2 adrenergic recptors are __ ___ for __. They __ additional release of __. |
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Definition
- presynaptic autoreceptors for NE
- inhibit
- NE |
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Term
| so blocking A2 receptors would __ release of NE. |
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Definition
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Term
| B1 and B3 receptors respond to: |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| All beta receptors are __ __ __ and activate __. |
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Definition
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Term
| NE binding to alpha receptors is generally __, while beta receptors are generally ___. |
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Definition
- excitatory
- inhibitory
EXCEPTION: NE BINDING TO B1 ON HEART> ALWAYS EXCITATORY |
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|
Term
| 2 locations in which sympathetic postganglionic fibers release acetylcholine: |
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Definition
- eccrine sweat glands- activation
- blood vessels in skeletal muscles- vasodilation |
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Term
| Beta 1 activation of the kidneys with NE/Epi results in __ release. |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta 2 effects are mostly __. Activation of these receptors __ the bronchioles and blood vessels of heart lungs and skeletal muscle, __ smooth muscle walls of the GI tract and bladder, and __ the uterus. |
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Definition
- inhibitory
- dilates the bronchioles and blood vessels
- relaxes
- relaxes the uterus
(Need to breathe well and have good blood flow to heart and muscle when running from a dinosaur. Also wouldn't want to have to poop or have a baby when running from a dinosaur). |
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Term
| Alpha 1 receptor activation __ blood vessels of skin/kidneys and visceral organ sphincters and __ the eyes. |
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Definition
- constricts
- dilates the eyes
Once again don't want to poop when running from a dinosaur, but need to be able to see far. |
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Term
|
Definition
- inhibits NE release
- inhibits insulin secretion
- promotes blood clotting
When running from a dinosaur, you're already stressed out enough so this limits NE, and you need blood sugar so limits insulin, and you don't want to bleed out from all your injuries, so it promotes clotting. |
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Term
| NO causes smooth muscle __. |
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Definition
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Term
| acetylcholine itself on smooth muscle causes ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| PNS causes the ciliary muscle to __ so the lens buldges for near vision. The SNS causes the lens to __ out for far vision. |
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Definition
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Term
Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors
Contract smooth muscle
Discrepancy – ACh & muscarinic agonists given IV cause vasodilation (they do NOT contract vascular smooth muscle), due to release of nitric oxide (NO) |
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Definition
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Term
Alpha1 (a1) Receptors
Stimulate contraction of all smooth muscle
Vascular smooth muscle - vasoconstriction
Glandular smooth muscle |
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Definition
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|
Term
Beta2 (b2) Receptors
Relax smooth muscle (e.g., lungs; arterioles) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Fight or Flight response with SN: |
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Definition
Heart rate increases, blood pressure rises
RBCs poured into blood from spleen to carry more O2
Blood flow shifted from skin and splanchnic region to skeletal muscles
Blood glucose rises
Bronchioles and pupils dilate
Brain receives signals to facilitate purposeful responses & to imprint the event in memory
I will never forget that time I ran from a dinosaur. |
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Term
|
Definition
- constricts blood vessels and causes bp to rise as needed
- prompts vessels to dilate if bp needs to decrease |
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|
Term
| __ blocking drugs interfere with vasomotor fibers and are used to treat HTN. |
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Definition
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Term
| Parasympathomimetic agents are useful in __. |
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Definition
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