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Neurology
Pharmacology
72
Pharmacology
Graduate
01/17/2014

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
dantrolene
- MOA
- use
Definition
- prevents release of Ca from SR
- malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Term
agonize dopamine receptors
Definition
bromocriptine, pramipexole, ropinrole
Term
inc DA
Definition
amantadine, L-dpa/carbidopa
Term
prevent DA breakdown
Definition
selsgiline, entacapone, tolcapone
Term
curb excess cholinergic activity
Definition
benztropine
Term
parkinsons' tx strategies
Definition
inc DA, agonize DA receptors, prevent DA breakdown, curb excess cholinergic activity
Term
L-dopa/carbidopa toxicity
Definition
dyskinesia with administration and akinesia between doses
Term
selegiline MOA
Definition
inhibits MOAb with metabolizes DA over NE and 5HT
Term
huntington's drugs
Definition
reserpine + tetrabenazine = amine depleting
haloperidol = DA antag
Term
alpha agonists for glaucoma
Definition
epinephrine = dec aqueous humor synthesis due to vasoconstriction
brimonidine = dec aqueous humor synthesis
Term
beta blockers for glaucoma
Definition
timolol, betaxolol, carteolol= dec aqueous humor secretion
Term
diuretics for glaucoma
Definition
acetazolamide or mannitol = dec aqueous humor secretion due to dec HCO3-
Term
cholinomimetics for glaucoma
Definition
direct = pilocarpine, carbachol
indirect = physostigmine, echothiphate
- inc outflow of aqueous humor
Term
prostaglandin for glaucoma
Definition
latanoprost = PGF2-alpha
Term
opioid receptors
Definition
mu = morphine, delta= enkephalin, kappa = dynorphin
Term
opioid MOA
Definition
open K channels, close Ca channels
Term
opioid for cough suppression
Definition
dextrmethorphan
Term
opioid for diarrhea
Definition
loperamide and diphenoxylate
Term
opioid toxicity
Definition
respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, CNA depression
Term
opioid toxicity tx
Definition
naloxone or naltrexone
Term
butorphanol tx
Definition
partial agonist at mu receptors; agonist at kappa
Term
butorphanol
- use
- toxicity
Definition
- pain; less reap depression
- withdrawal if on full agonist
Term
tramadol
- MOA
- use
- toxicity
Definition
- weak opioid agonist, inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake
- chronic pain
- decreases seizure threshold
Term
1st line for status epileptics prophylaxis
Definition
phenytoin
Term
1st line for absence seizures
Definition
ethosuxamide
Term
1st line for acute status epilepticus
Definition
diazepam or lorazapam
Term
seizure drugs that inc GABA
Definition
gabapentin, topiramate, phenobarbital, valproate, benzo, tiagabine, vigabatrin, levetiracetam
Term
1st line for trigeminal neuralgia
Definition
carbamazepine
Term
seizure drug also used for peripheral neuropathy and bipolar
Definition
gabapentin
Term
1st line in pregnant women and children seizure drug
Definition
phenoparbital
Term
used for sieuzres or eclampsia
Definition
MgSO4, benzo
Term
also used for myoclonic seizures
Definition
valproate
Term
seizure drugs that block Na
Definition
phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, topiramate, valproate
Term
ethosuximide MOA
Definition
thalamic T-type Ca channels
Term
SE: agranuloctosis, aplastic anemia
Definition
carbamazepine
Term
seizure drug that induces CYP450
Definition
carbamazepine, phenobarbital
Term
Se: stevens-johnson syndrome
Definition
carbamazepine, ethosuximide, lamotrigine
Term
SE: gingival hyperplasia
Definition
phenytoin
Term
SE: megaloblastic anemia
Definition
phenytoin
Term
SE: neural tube defects
Definition
valproate
Term
SE: weight gain
Definition
valproate
Term
SE: kidney stones
Definition
topiramate
Term
phenytoin
- use
- toxicities
Definition
- tonic-clonic seizues
- SLE-like, gingival hyperplasia, peripheral neuropathy, megaloblastic anemia, fetal hydantoin syndrome
Term
barbiturate
- use
- toxicity
Definition
- sedative for anxiety, induction of anesthesia
- additive CNS depression, respiratory or cardiovascular depression, induction of p450
Term
benzo
- use
- toxicity
Definition
- anxiety, spasticity, status epileptics, night terrors, sleepwalking, general anesthetic, hypnotic
- dependence, additive CNS depression, less risk of reps depression
Term
benzo toxicity tx
Definition
flumazenil
Term
nonbenzo hypnotic ames
Definition
zolpidem, zaleplon, eszopiclone
Term
nonbenzo hypnotics
- use
- toxicity
Definition
- insomnia
- ataxia, HA, confusion, short duration, lower dependencee risk
Term
anesthetic properties for
- rapid induction
- high potency
Definition
- dec solubility in blood
- inc solubility in lipids
Term
has low blood and lipid solubility
Definition
N2O = fast induction and low potency
Term
ex has high lipid and blood solubility
Definition
halothane = high potency and slow induction
Term
anesthetic MOA in
- lungs
- blood
- tisue
Definition
- inc rate + depth of ventilation = inc gas tension
- inc blood solubility = inc blood/gas partition coefficient = inc solubility = inc gas required to saturate blood = slower onset of action
- AV concentration gradient inc = inc solubility = inc gas to saturate tissue = slower onset of action
Term
anesthetic for induction of anesthesia
Definition
barbiturates
Term
inhaled anesthetic: hepatotoxicity
Definition
halothane
Term
inhaled anesthetic: nephrotoxicity
Definition
methoxyflurane
Term
inhaled anesthetic: proconvulsant
Definition
enflurane
Term
inhaled anesthetic: malignant hyperthermia
Definition
rare with halothane
Term
inhaled anesthetic: expansion of trapped gas
Definition
nitrous oxide
Term
for endoxcopy
Definition
midazolam
Term
may cause severe post op respiratory depression
Definition
midazolam
Term
blocks NMDA
Definition
ketamine
Term
SE: hallucinations, disorientation, bad dreams
Definition
ketamine
Term
anesthesia for brain surgery
Definition
thiopental because dec cerebral blood flow
Term
opiate that does not cause histamine release
Definition
fentanyl
Term
rapid induction of short procedures
Definition
propofol
Term
high triglyceride count can lead to pancreatitis
Definition
Term
local anesthetics esters vs. amides
Definition
esters = one "I"
amides = two "I"s
Term
order of nerve blockade with local anesthetics
Definition
small myelinated > small unmyelinated > large myelinated > large unmyelinated
Term
order of sensory loss for local anesthetics
Definition
pain > temp > touch > pressure
Term
toxicity of local anesthetics
Definition
severe cardiovascular toxicity = bupivacain, CNS excitation, HTN, hypotention, and arrhythmias
Term
depolarizing NMB
Definition
succinylcholine
phase I = depolarization, no antidote, inc by cholinesterase inhibitor
phase II = repolarization, antidote of cholinesterase inhibitor
Term
nondepolarizing NMB
Definition
compete with ACh for receptors; reversal with AChE inhibitors
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