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Neurology
pg451-456
66
Pharmacology
Graduate
05/02/2013

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
1st line prophylaxis for status epilepticus
Definition
Phenytoin
Term
Mechanism of Phenytoin
Definition
increases the sodium channel inactivation
Term
Type of epilepsy that Phenytoin treats
Definition
simple, complex and tonic-clonic
Term
What does carbamazepine treat?
Definition

It is first line treatment for:

Simple

Complex

Tonic-Clonic

Term
1st line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia
Definition
Carbamazepine
Term
Mechanism of action of lamotrigine
Definition
blocks voltage-gated sodium channels
Term
What does lamotrigine treat?
Definition

Epilepsy

simple, complex and tonic-clonic

Term
What does gabapentin treat?
Definition

epilepsy

simple, complex, tonic-clonic

Term
Mechanism of action of gabapentin
Definition
designed as a GABA analog but primarily inhibits high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channels
Term
List some other things gabapentin can treat
Definition
Peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, migraine prophylaxis, bipolar disorder
Term
What type of epilepsy does topiramate treat?
Definition
simple, complex and tonic-clonic
Term
Mechanism of action of topiramate
Definition
blocks sodium channels and increases GABA action
Term
Aside from epilepsy what else can topiramate treat?
Definition
Migraines
Term
1st line treatment for epilepsy in children
Definition
phenobarbital
Term
Mechanism of action of phenobarbital
Definition
increases gabaA action
Term
Type of epilepsy that phenobarbital treats
Definition
simple, complex, tonic-clonic
Term
What is valproic acid first line treatment for?
Definition
tonic-clonic seizures
Term
Mechanism of action of valproic acid?
Definition
increase sodium channel inactivation, increase GABA concentration
Term
What can treat myoclonic seizures?
Definition
valproic acid
Term
What does ethosuximide treat?
Definition
absence seizures
Term
Mechanism of action of ethosuximide
Definition
Blocks thalamic T-type Ca2+ channels
Term
1st line treatment for acute status epilepticus
Definition
benzodiazepines
Term
Mechanism of action of benzodiazepines
Definition
increases GABAa action
Term
List 2 meds that can treat seizures of eclampsia
Definition

benzodiazepines

1st line treatment is MgSO4

Term
Mechanism of action of Tiagabine
Definition
inhibits GABA reuptake
Term
Mechanism of action of Vigabatin
Definition
irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase-> increase GABA
Term
Toxicity of Benzodiazepines
Definition

sedation, tolerance dependence

 

Term
what is steven-johnson syndrome?
Definition
prodrome of malaise and fever followed by rapid onset of erythmatous/purpuric macules.  Skin lesions progress to epidermal necrosis and sloughing
Term
Toxicities of carbamazepines?
Definition
diplopia, ataxia, blood dyscrasias(agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia), liver toxicity, teratogenesis, induction of p450, SIADH, steven-johnson syndrome
Term
Toxicities of ethosuximide
Definition

GI distress, fatigue, headache, urticaria, steven-johnson syndrome


EFGH- Ethosuximide, fatigue, GI headache

Term
Phenobarbital toxicities
Definition
sedation, tolerance, dependence, induction of p450
Term
Toxicities of phenytoin
Definition
nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, sedation, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, megaloblastic anemia, teratogenesis, SLE-like syndrome, induction of cytochrome p450, lymphadenopathy, steven-johnson syndrome, osteopenia
Term
Toxicities of Valproic acid
Definition
GI distress, rare but fatal hepatotoxicity, neural tube defects in fetus, tremor, weight gain
Term
Toxicity of lamotrigine
Definition
Steven-Johnson syndrom
Term
Toxicity of gabapentin
Definition
sedation, ataxia
Term
Toxicity of topiramate
Definition
sedation mental dulling, kidney stones, weight loss
Term
What can treat insomnia? (3)
Definition

nonbenzodiazepines:

zolpidem

zaleplon

eszopiclone

Term
Mechanism of nonbenzodiazepines
Definition
act via BZ1 subtype of the GABA receptor.  Effects reversed by flumazenil
Term
Effects of inhaled anesthetics
Definition
myocardial depression, respiratory depression, nausea/emesis, increased cerebral blood flow
Term
Toxicity of inhaled anesthetics
Definition
hepatotoxicity(halothane), nephrotoxicity (methoxyflurane), proconvulsant (enflurane), malignant hyperthermia (all but nitrous oxide), expansion of trapped gas in a body cavity (nitrous oxide)
Term
What are some IV anesthetics?
Definition

B. B. King on OPOIDS PROPOses FOOLishly

barbituates

benzodiazepines

ketamine

opiods

propofol

Term
Mechanism of action of dantrolene
Definition
prevents release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle
Term
What treats malignant hypothermia?
Definition
dantrolene
Term
What drugs treat parkinsons? Mechanism of action
Definition

Bromocriptine- dopamine agonist

Amantadine- increase dopmine

Levodopa(with carbidopa)- converted to dopamine in CNS 

Selegiline (and COMT inhibitors)- prevents dopamine breakdown

Antimuscarinics- curb excess cholinergics to improve tremor and rigidity

Term
Mechanism of action of selegiline
Definition
selectively inhibits MAO-B so it doesn't metabolize dopamine
Term
Memantine mechanism of action
Definition

Treats alzheimers

NMDA receptor antagonist; helps prevent excitotoxicity

Term
Mechanism of action of donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine
Definition
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Term
What are some neuro changes you'll see in huntington's?
Definition

decrease in GABA
decrease in ACh

increase in dopamine 

Term
Tetrabenazine and reserpine mechanism of action
Definition

Treat Huntington's Disease

inhibits VMAT; limits dopamine vesicle packaging and release

Term
Mechanism of action of haloperidol
Definition

Treats Huntington's Disease

dopamine receptor antagonist

Term
Disease associated with arbovirus
Definition
encephalitis
Term
Disease associated with coxsackievirus
Definition
meningitis
Term
Disease associated with CMV
Definition
encephalitis
Term
Disease associated with HSV 1
Definition
Meningitis and encephalitis
Term
Disease associated with HIV
Definition
encephalitis
Term
Disease associated with lymphocytic choriomeningitis
Definition
meningitis and encephalitis
Term
Disease associated with poliovirus
Definition
encephalitis and myelitis-spinal cord
Term
Disease associated with rabies virus
Definition
encephalitis
Term
Most common cause of neonatal meningitis
Definition
Group B streptococcus (gram + coccus)
Term
2nd most common cause of neonatal meningitis
Definition
E. Coli
Term
Most common cause of meningitis between 1 month and 18 years of age
Definition
Neisseria meningitis
Term
Most common cause of meningitis in patients over 18 years of age
Definition
stept. pneumoniae (gram + diplococcus)
Term
Most common fungal CNS infection in AIDS
Definition
cryptococcus neoformans
Term
What fungus occurs in diabetic ketoacidosis and causes a frontal lobe abscess
Definition
mucor species
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