Term
|
Definition
degeneration and necrosis of gray matter in the brain
grey matter is on the outside of the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the grey matter of the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
dengeration of the white matter in the brain
white matter is on the inside in the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the white matter in the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
| dysfunction of the white matter of the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
Carnivores- hippocampus
Hebrivores- cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Medulla
Cerebellar White Matter
Midbrain
Thalamus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
| controls eye movement, motor control |
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Term
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Definition
| controls memory, spatial navigation, |
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Term
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Definition
receives sensory impulses from periphery and acts as a switch board
regulates sleep and awakeness |
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Term
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Definition
emotional memory
memory consolidation into long-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| includes the basal ganglia and associated with motor system |
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Term
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Definition
fine motor coordination, balance
receives input from sensory and proprioceptive neurons
regulates motor neuron output |
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Term
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Definition
conduction between cerebrum and cerebellum
cranial nerves 3-12 emerge from brain stem
cardiovascular, respiratory, control, alertness, consciousness |
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Term
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Definition
lower half of brainstem
contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers and deals with autonomic, involuntary functions, such as breathing, heart rate and blood pressure |
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Term
| Cells Susceptible to Hypoxia |
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Definition
| neurons > oligodendrocytes >astrocytes > microglia > endothelium |
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Term
|
Definition
response to injury in neurons
aka lysosomal storage disease
defect in carbohydrate metabolism leading to accumulation of vacuoles in cell bodies
foamy microvacuoles |
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Term
|
Definition
response to injury in neurons
lipid containing residues of lysosomal degradation; product of oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids
Seen in membrane damage, oxidant stress, and wear and tear |
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Term
|
Definition
response to injury in neurons
shrunken red, dead, neurons with pyknotic nuclei
due to hypoxia, ischemia, trauma, severe hypoglycemia
neurons in cortex and hippocampus are most susceptible |
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Term
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Definition
| digestion of dead neurons by glial cells, neutrophils, macrophages |
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Term
|
Definition
response to injury in neurons
hypoplasia of newborn due to viral infection (not the same)
cerebellum often atrophies without scarring in young animals |
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Term
|
Definition
response to injury in neurons
large vacuoles in neuropil
highly suggestive of prion disease |
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Term
|
Definition
response to injury to axons
toxic/traumatic
axonal swelling, gragmentation
degeneration of myelin sheath
phagocytosis by Schwann cells and macrophages
neuronal chromatolysis
Reversible if myelin sheath is not damaged |
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Term
|
Definition
response to axonal damage
loss of Nissl substance and pale areas within the cell body
reversible or progression to necrosis/apoptosis |
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Term
|
Definition
response to injury of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes
perinuclear clearing and nuclear swelling
occur in grey/white matter |
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Term
|
Definition
response to injury in astrocytes
swollen astrocytes with increased hypereosinophilic perinuclear cytoplasm
accumulation of glial filaments
associated with degeneration of white matter |
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Term
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Definition
response to injury in astrocytes
increased number of astrocytes |
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Term
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Definition
response to injury in astrocytes
increase number of cytoplasmic processes
reactive astrocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
at the site of severe injury like necrosis
seals off or repairs damaged area
increased astrocytes and tangled glial filaments |
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Term
|
Definition
response to injury in oligodendrocytes
toxic, viral, immune mediated, nutritional, inherited, trauma
see pale areas in white matter on stain |
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Term
|
Definition
vacuoles in white/grey matter
due to artifacts, edema, demyelination, prion diseases, early necrosis, hepatic encephalopathy |
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Term
|
Definition
increased number of monocyte/macrophage derived cells
glial nodules
activated microglia in diffuse pattern
significant of viral infection |
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Term
|
Definition
actively phagocycic macrophages in the brain
scavenger cells that mostly phagocytose myelin debris and necrotic cells
have foamy cytoplasm like macrophages |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the spinal cord |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the ependyma which line ventricles |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the choroid plexus |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the meninges which cover the spinal cord and brain |
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Term
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Definition
| failure of entire brain to develop |
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Term
|
Definition
failure of cerebral hemispheres to develop
can be due to BVD infection |
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Term
|
Definition
lack of gyri and sulci so the cerebrum is completely smooth
arrest/defect in migration of neurons during development
normal finding in rodents, rabbits, birds, reptiles |
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Term
|
Definition
cerebellum fails to develop fully
cerebellum develops late in gestation and has largest number of neurons/mm
spastic movements, incoordination, tremors
BVD, feline/canine coronavirus, classic swine fever
genetics
treatment of sows with Trichlorfon |
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Term
|
Definition
defect of closure of neural tube which causes cyst formation
Griseofulvin tx for dermatophytosis in cats in early gestation canc ause this
hereditary in cats and pigs |
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Term
|
Definition
| defect of closure of neural tube and the brains gets trapped in the cyst |
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Term
|
Definition
absence of dorsal portions of the vertebrae
often affects lumbar and sacral vertebrae
hereditary or folate deficiency |
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Term
|
Definition
| failure of vertebral arches to develop |
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Term
|
Definition
| absence of dorsal portions of the vertebrae which is covered by skin and/or muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
defect of maturation or death of neuroblasts and/or white matter
focal cyst or cleft in cerebrum that connects arachnoid space or within lateral ventricles |
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Term
|
Definition
severe form of porencephaly in which the cerebrum has atrophied to become a thin walled sac of fluid
due to vascular/traumatic injury
BVD, Akabane, Blue tongue, Border disease which cause a fever during gestation which kills the neuroblasts
leaves an empty space which fills with fluid |
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Term
|
Definition
obstruction of ventricular system cause CSF backup and expansion of ventricular lumen
obstruction due to viral damage of ependymal cells with glial scarring
obstruction due to genetic malformation of ventricular system
skull can expand because cranial sutures are not closed at birth |
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Term
|
Definition
in adults so not considered malformation
CSF flow obstruction due to infection or tumor
FIP can cause ventriculitis |
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Term
|
Definition
loss of tissue/cells with compensatory hydrocephaus to fill the space
as cerebral cortex atrophies, lateral ventricles dilate to compensate
no obstruction of ventricles
copper deficiency in lambs and kids during early neonatal life/in utero
copper necessary for neural development
bilateral mushy brain lesions and collapse of cerebral hemispheres due to lack of white matter
chromatolysis, demyelination, no inflammation |
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Term
|
Definition
ependymal cells in spinal cord are damaged and CSF flow is disrupted
CSF accumulates and expands in central canal, causes atrophy and further dilation
spinal cord becomes thin, fluid filled sac
congenital or hereditary |
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Term
|
Definition
porencephaly but in spinal cord
cyst develops in spinal cord |
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Term
|
Definition
problem because little space for expansion in the brain
neurologic function relies on appropriate water and electrolyte balance
focal trauma can cause global edema, subfalcine herniation, transtentorial herniation and squash midbrain and medulla |
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Term
|
Definition
due to edema of one side of cerebrum
cerebrum swells and pushes under falx cerebri |
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Term
| Transtentorial herniation |
|
Definition
due to diffuse cortical edema
squashes the midbrain and medulla |
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Term
|
Definition
due to diffuse brain edema
cause protrusion of the cerebellum through foramen magnum
animal dies quickly because cerebellum regulates CV, respiratory, vascular tone, heart rate, etc. |
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Term
|
Definition
associated with breakdown of vascular side of blood brain barrier
due to vascular damage from inflammation, trauma, toxin, infarction, hypertension, neoplasia |
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Term
|
Definition
associated with breakdown of cellular side of blood brain barrier
astrocyte damage causes blood brain barrier to be unable to maintain water balance
due to metabolic or toxin |
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Term
|
Definition
cytotoxic edema
pigs are affected with changes in diet at weaning age
E.coli proliferates, produces verotoxin which damages endothelium
necrosis of medulla, thalamus, basal ganglia-symmetrical encephalomalacia
fibrinoid necrosis, edema, hemorrhage
see incoordination, tremors, convulsions, paddling seizures |
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Term
|
Definition
hepatic insufficiency causes increased ammonia in blood
ammonia alters BBB leading to passing of electrolyes and water
alters osmoregulation and inhibits membrane potentials so signaling of neurons is not normal
leads to edema
astroycyte swelling, oligodendrocyte damage and edema
spongy change of water matter and white-grey matter junction with swollen pale vacuolated astrocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
osmolarity of plasma gets too low after high consumption of water
this creates osmotic push of water into the CNS
diffuse cortical edema with malfunction of neurons or necrosis |
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Term
|
Definition
local area of peracute ischemia that undergoes coagulative necrosis
cerebral hemispheres are greatest risk due to lack of collateral circulation
due to thrombus, emboli, trauma, disc herniation with occlusion of spinal blood vessels
dying/irritated neurons release neurotransmitters that affect adjacent neurons which kill other neurons and their axons
focal well dilineated area of depression that is grey/brown |
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Term
|
Definition
fibrocartilageinous emboli in arteries of spinal cord from eruption of disc
leads to spinal cord infarction
pale areas of necrosis in spinal cord
no possibility of recovery |
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Term
|
Definition
neurons die in a few minutes but don't show as red and dead until 6 hours later
neutrophil infiltration
astrocyte and oligodendrocyte degeneration
Gitter cells, astrocytosis
glial carring
cavitation of necrotic area
resorption of necrotic tissue
takes 6 weeks to 6 months |
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Term
|
Definition
can be in extradular, subdural, CNS spaces
accumulation of coagulated blood leads to compression of tissues
need to remove clot |
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Term
|
Definition
due to hypotension, stopped breathing, severe convulsions, severe and sudden hypoglycemia, carbon monoxide
cerebral cortex and Pukinje cells are most vulnerable then hippocampal neurons |
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Term
|
Definition
Clostridium tetani produce tetanospasmin
inhibits release of glycine and GABA to cause excessive contraction
often no lesions, but possible hypoxia from seizure like clonic spams |
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Term
| Septicemic meningoencephalitis |
|
Definition
most common meningitis
due to inadequate colostrum, umbilical infections, severe bacterial GI disease
bacteria like leptomeningeal covering of brain and choroid plexus
E. coli, Salmonelle, Klebsiella, Proteus = pyogranulomatous
Streptococcus, Pasteurella, Haemophilus, Histophilus, Bordetella= fibrinopurulent
Streptococcus suis is zoonotic
stiff neck, head pressing, lateral recumbency with paddling |
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Term
|
Definition
due to embolism, wounds, direct invasion from adjacent structures (ear, sinus)
in grey matter-white matter junction of cerebrum
walled off by combination of glial scar and meningeal fibrosis |
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Term
|
Definition
due to tuberculosis
not common to see in brain |
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Term
|
Definition
microabscesses in brainstem (thalamus, midbrain, medulla)
this presentation only in adult animals
spoiled silage allows bacteria to grow and invade CN V, IX, XII
suppurative encephalitis with non-suppurative perivascular cuffs
circling, torticollis, facial paralysis, paddling |
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Term
|
Definition
causes thromboembolic meningoencephalitis in cattle
bacteria lodge in small vessels and branch causing thromboemboli
local lesion of suppurative vasculitis that leads to thrombosis and infarction
bacteria break out and spread further
rusty brown spots in brain grossly
histologically suppurative vasculitis, encephalitis with thrombosis, neuronal necrosis |
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Term
|
Definition
cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
causes macro/micro foci of cystic granulamatous lesions that look like jelly
invades through cribiform plate
narrow based budding with large mucinous capsule |
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Term
| Blastomyces, Histoplasma, Coccidiodes |
|
Definition
causes dense, cellular granulomatous meningoencephalitis
invades through cribiform plate |
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Term
|
Definition
invade through cribiform plate
angioinvasive causing suppurative vasculitis, thrombosis, infarction
caused by grain overload |
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Term
|
Definition
targets neurons and astrocytes
occurs in transplacental infection of late term fetus, neonatal infection, immunodeficiency in adult
fetus- necrosis, granulomatous encephalitis
adult- vascular damage, necrosis, hemorrhage, microgliosis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
occurs in transplacental infection of late term fetus, neonatal infection, immunodeficiency in adult
granulomatous lesions anywhere in brain |
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Term
|
Definition
coccidian parasite of opossum transmitted to horse
necrosis and hemorrhagic of cervical and lumbar spinal cord
small basophilic round/crescent shaped organisms with pyogranulomatous exudate and multinucleated giant cells |
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Term
| Equine Viral Encephalitides |
|
Definition
WEE, EEE, VEE- Togavirus
transmitted by mosquitoes
infects endothelium then neurons
neuronal necrosis, perivascular lymphocytic cuffing, mild gliosis in gray matter
affects basal ganglia, midbrain, cortex, spinal cord |
|
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Term
|
Definition
flavivirus
neuronal necrosis, lymphocytic encephalitis in grey matter
affects brain and ventral spinal cord |
|
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Term
| Feline Infectious Peritonitis |
|
Definition
coronavirus
pyogranulomatous encephalitis around blood vessels that become so large looks like neoplasia |
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Term
|
Definition
morbillivirus
muscle twitching, convulsions, ataxia, paralysis
gets into brain via secondary viremia by monocytes
lesions in periventricular white matter because infects choroid plexus first
demyelination of white matter tracts in cerebellar peduncles because attacks oligodendrocytes
eosinophilic INTRANUCLEAR viral inclusions in swollen astrocytes |
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Term
| Equine Herpesviral Encephalomyelitis |
|
Definition
EHV Type I
not neurotropic
endotheliotropic in nervous system causing thrombosis and mini-infarcts
affects all parts of spinal cord and brain
vasculitis, necrosis, effacement of small blood vessels
nonsuppurative perivascular cuffs, focal hemorrhage, leakage of plasma proteins
demyelinatino and neuron damage secondarily |
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Term
|
Definition
self-mutilation, aggression
not primary infection of CNS
infects olfactory nerves or CN5 and ascends into brain
no gross lesions
non-suppurative trigeminal ganglioneuritis and encephalitis
eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions are rare |
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Term
|
Definition
lentivirus
travels by infected monocytes into brain
attacks astrocytes, oligodendrocytes to cause chronic illness
lymphocytic choroiditis and periventriculitis
demyelination and lymphocytic encephalomyelitis of white matter
spongy change |
|
|
Term
| Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis |
|
Definition
lentivirus
tan, orange foci in brain and spinal cord
profound lymphocytic encephalomyelitis and demyelination of white matter
affects young goats |
|
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Term
|
Definition
most neurotropic mammalian virus
furious form then dumb form
convulsions, coma, respiratory arrest
death in 2-14 days after onset of clinical signs
variable incubation period |
|
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Term
|
Definition
replicates in myocytes
enter neurons via ACh receptors
ascend neuron into CNS
then goes peripherally through cranial nerves to salivary glands |
|
|
Term
| Rabies Histology in Carnivores |
|
Definition
in Hippocampus,Purkinje cells of cerebellum, large neurons in medulla oblongata
Negri bodies-large eosinophilic cytoplasmic viral inclusions
no inflammation
IHC or Negri bodies is essential for dx |
|
|
Term
| Rabies Histology in Herbivores |
|
Definition
affects brainstem, cerebellum
choke from glossopharyngeal paralysis
Negri bodies-large eosinophilic cytoplasmic viral inclusions
no inflammation
IHC or Negri bodies is essential for dx |
|
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Term
|
Definition
larvae of canine tapeworm Taenia multiceps forms cysts in sheep brain
migration of larvae cause necrosis and inflammation
yellow to red tracts in parenchyma
coagulation necrosis with free blood and inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis in Dogs |
|
Definition
young to middle ages small breed dogs
mononuclear cell and some neutrophils around blood vessels
predominant CD3+ T-cells and reactive macrophages
immune mediated possibly?
patchy or focal granuloma
treat with immunosuppressive drugs |
|
|
Term
| Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis |
|
Definition
occurs in small breed dogs
mononuclear cell and some neutrophils around blood vessels
predominant CD3+ T-cells and reactive macrophages
immune mediated
see vacuoles and leucomalacia |
|
|
Term
| Neurogenic Cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
aka Brain-Heart Syndrome
occurs 5-10 days after major diffuse CNA trauma
cardiac arrythmia from myocardial degeneration and necrosis
traumatic coup lesion with contrecoup injury as brain is hit on the coup side and thrown to the contrecoup side
hemorrhage and edema of traumatic lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
due to vertebral instability in the horse
compression of spinal cord and demyelination
necorsis and hemorrhage of spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| Traumatic injury associated lesions |
|
Definition
Wallerian degeneration
swollen axons distal to lesion
fragmentation of peripheral axons
Central Chromatolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs if endoneurium is intact to provide appropriate channel for axon to grow and if no fibrosis occurs
regrows at 1.5 mm/day with sprouts from axonal stump
sprouts will atrophy is grow outside of channel
Schwann cells form new tube that runs along endoneurial tube
macrophages eat degenerate myelin
regeneration can take over a year with crush injuries |
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|
Term
|
Definition
due to thiamine deficiency in ruminants
cortical laminar necrosis of gray matter
occurs in ruminants on high carbohydrate, high sulfur feeds
unfavorable rumenal bacteria grow that produce thiaminases or the animal eats bracken fern which is high in thiaminase
-OR-anaerobic rumenal bacteria also produe hydrogen sulfide which is neurotoxic
stupor, ataxia, blindess, opisthotonus, paddling, convulsions
diffuse brain edema and deep laminar necrosis of neurons along gray matter-white matter junction in cerebral cortex
red dead neurons along white matter border in cortex with edematous separation of gray and white matter
necrosis starts in sulci then proceeds to gyri |
|
|
Term
| Thiamin Deficiency in Monogastrics |
|
Definition
affects midbrain
due to poor diet or diets rich in thiaminases (fish)
bilateral symmetrical necrosis and hemorrhage with liquefaction and glial scarring
Chastek paralysis in cats-staggering, circling, wide stance |
|
|
Term
| Sodium Chloride Toxicosis/Water Deprivation |
|
Definition
Caused by osmotic imbalance between brain and blood
Water can freeze and the farmer leaves for the weekend and comes back Monday
The animals drink too much water and have osmotic imbalance between blood/brain
Have swelling/edema of the brain
Don't know why there is neutrophil infiltration because it is not an inflammatory process |
|
|
Term
| Fumonisin toxicosis in Horses |
|
Definition
causes leukoencephalomalacia
moldy corn contaminated with Fusarium moniliforme which produces fumonisin
toxin interferes with cell trafficking, growth, division, and apoptosis
necrosis, liquefaction, cavitation of white matter in cerebral hemispheres |
|
|
Term
| Degenerative associated lesions |
|
Definition
Lysosomal storage diseases
Lipofuscinosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chronic wasting disease in deer
Scrapie in sheep/goats
BSE in cattle, small ruminants
FSE in cats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cattle are nervous and aggressive
die within 2 weeks to 6 months of onset of signs
lesions in caudal medulla at region of 4th ventricle |
|
|
Term
| Spongiform Encephalopathies |
|
Definition
disease of adult/aged animals
neuronal vacuolation, spongy change
gliosis, neuronal loss
no inflammation
PrPc protein folding abnormality into beta-pleated sheet
accumulate and are indestructible
can accumulate in any organ in the body without causing problems except the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
compulsive rubbing and scratching
pruritis
incoordination leading to recumbency
death 1-6 months after signs
not zoonotic
lateral transmission via placenta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deer, elk
weight loss over time
behavior changes
lateral transmission via placenta |
|
|
Term
| Lesions of Degenerative Disorders of White Matter |
|
Definition
neuraxonal dystrophy
leukodystrophy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary degeneration of axons
see axonal swelling and/or fragmentation
Genetics
Vitamin E deficiency
Toxin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
primary degeneration of olgiodendrocytes and demyelination
Globoid cell leukodystrophy |
|
|
Term
| Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy |
|
Definition
degenerative disorder of white matter
hereditary where enzymes are missing that degrade myelin
sphingolipids accumulate and kill oligodendrocytes then are phagocytosed by macrophages
macrophages can be seen grossly as tan lines in the white matter
resulting hydrocephalus ex vacuo due to loss of white matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
degeneration and necrosis of neurons in cerebellum due to intrinsic metabolic disorder
genetic disorder in adults
NOT intoxication |
|
|
Term
| Equine Motor Neurons Disease |
|
Definition
suspected Vitamin E deficiency
occurs in horses that have not been fed green feed in diet for over a year
affects lower motor neurons in spinal cord and cranial nerves
chromatolysis and necrosis of cell bodies with astrocyte replacement
Wallerian degeneration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
seen in ruminants
pale gray matter
perivascular edema and red dead neurons
necrosis starts in gyri then spreads to sulci
lead impairs calcium metabolism in neurons and astrocytes causing impaired neurotransmission and necrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
common in aged cats
tumor compresses cerebral hemisphere often displacing the midline between hemispheres
does not invade the brain
modified fibroblastic tumor with collagen and mineral
slow growing and clinically silent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma
may/may not be well demarcated
vary in size
gray to pink/red
soft, gelatinous with areas of hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neuroblastoma
medulloblastoma (in cerebellum) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tumor at the level of the ventricles
cause hydrocephalus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
common in aged dogs and horses
cause problems when run out of ventricular space and begin to push into surrounding structures
tumor at level of ventricles
papilloma or carcinoma
causes hydrocephalus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lymphoma
mammary gland carcinoma
hemangiosarcoma
melanoma |
|
|
Term
| Traumatic Peripheral Axon Damage |
|
Definition
Wallerian degeneration
axon distal to injury dies and fragments within 48-72 hours
proximal part of axon dies back to nearest node of Ranvier and swells
Axonal debris is phagocytosed
in spinal cord, brainstem, or dorsal root ganglia will see central chromatolysis of cell body |
|
|
Term
| Recurrent Laryngeal Paralysis |
|
Definition
aka Laryngeal Hemiplegia
axonopathy of left recurrent laryngeal nerve which inncervate circoarytenoid muscles of larynx
due to trauma, extensive infection of guttural pouch
causes atrophy of left cricoarytenoids and roaring sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ingestion of Clostridium botulinum spores/toxin
toxin irreversibly blocks synaptic vesicles to prevent release of ACh
causes flaccid paralysis and death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can be congenital deficiency in ACh receptors
can be acquired autoimmune mechanism
Ab binds ACh receptors on post synaptic muscle membrane
Type II hypersensitivity
no lesions in PNS and CNS
only muscle weakness and atrophy
often see megaesophagus |
|
|
Term
| Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy in PNS |
|
Definition
genetic or congenital defects in enzymes that break down myelin glycolipids
sphingolipid metabolit is toxic to oligodendrocytes and Schwanna cells which degenerate and die
macrophages phagocytose and accumulate as tan streaks where white matter used to be and in peripheral nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aka idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis
acute idiopathic polyneuratis with ascending paralysis
occurs 1-2 weeks after raccoon bite
autoimmune demyelination affecting ventral nerve roots (motor neuron) of spinal cord
hyperesthesia, paresis, paralysis
recovery can occur but it is long |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor |
|
Definition
can arise from perineurium (fibroma)
or from Schwann cells (Schwannoma)
fusiform neoplastic cells in unique pattern called Antoni A
common in cats and dogs in lateral thorax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aka lethal white foal sydnrome
defect in development of enteric neurons
myenteric and submucosal plexi are absent in colon
no gut motility=megacolon
foals die soon after birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inherited defect and degeneration of neurons in the enteric nervous system
chromatolysis and pyknosis of plexus with mild influx of lymphocytes and macrophages
GI and urinary disturbances |
|
|
Term
| Peritonitis Induced Dysautonomia |
|
Definition
seen most in horses
enteric neuronal plexuses get trapped in inflammation from peritonitis
chromatolysis, dysfunction leading to paralytic ileus
small intestine becomes atonic and dilates with gas
reversible when peritonitis rseolves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
horses grazing on lush pasture
linked to mycotoxin, toxic placents, aspartate and glutamate in rapdily growing grasses, botulism
PSNS and SNS are affected
colic, choke, urinary incontinence
chromatolysis with necrosis and satellitosis |
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|
