Term
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Definition
n Brain is soft and mushy
n Weighs about 1400 grams in air
q Gelatinous and would smush on a table
q or “herniate” through foramen with head injury
n Bone and meninges protect us from bumps, falls, roller coaster,
n Cerebrospinal fluid gives buoyancy to the brain so it weights only 50 grams in the head
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Term
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Definition
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nEthmoid
nFrontal- one continuous piece
nTemporal paired with parietal
nParietal paired with temporal
nOccipital- continuous piece
nSphenoid
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Term
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Definition
nCervical- 7
qHead movement & rotation of head
nThoracic- 12
qTo ribs that form thorax
nLumbar- 5
qBody weight & upright posture
nSacral- 5
qBody weight & upright posture
nCoccygeal: 3-5 coccyx
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Term
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Definition
nProtect the underlying brain and spinal cord (CNS) without separation
nServe as a supportive framework for arteries, veins, and sinuses
nEnclose a fluid-filled cavity
(the subarachnoid space)
§all of the meninges, the subarachnoid space, and CSF pass through the foramen magnum at the base of the skull and extend down to enclose the spinal cord.
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Term
PROTECTIVE MENINGE LAYERS |
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Definition
nPia mater: meninge layer closest to brain
nArachnoid: second layer
nDura: third layer
nSkull: bony layer farthest from brain
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Term
DURA MATER (TOUGH MOTHER) |
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Definition
nParchment like
nEpidural space b/w the dura and the skull
nSubdural space b/w the dura and the arachnoid
nFalx cerebri b/w the hemispheres of the cerebral cortex
nTentorium cerebelli b/w the hemispheres of the cerebellar cortex
nOutermost covering of brain that conforms to shape of skull and actually adheres to the skull
nAvascular
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Term
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Definition
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~ Holds brain in place along the longitudinal fissure so it doesn’t shift in space
~ Tectorium cerebelli, dura mater that protects cerebellum in tent shape
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Term
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Definition
n1. Periosteal layer
qAdheres firmly to the skull
n2. Meningeal Dura
qAttaches to arachnoid
nà Dural venous sinuses form between the layers to drain out venous blood
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Term
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Definition
nSymptoms
qICP intracranial pressure
nHeadaches
nLethargy
nLoss of consciousness
nConfusion
q7-15mmHg is normal pressure…>40mmHg= loss of consciousness
nDiagnosis
qRecent trauma to head?
qRecent fall?
qCT or MRI
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Term
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Definition
nWait and see
nIntracranial Pressure
nDrainage
qBurr holes
qCraniotomy
qIVC
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Term
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Definition
§Gives appearance of a cobweb
§Passage for blood vessels but is avascular
nSubarachnoid space
qCSF circulates through the space
nArachnoic granulation: Diagrammatic representation of a section across the top of the skull, showing the membranes of the brain, etc. ("Arachnoid granulation" label is at top right.)
nArachnoid villi: small protrusions of the arachnoid (the thin second layer covering the brain) through the dura (the thick outer layer). They protrude into the venous sinuses of the brain, and allow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to exit the brain, and enter the blood stream.
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Term
SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE (SAH) |
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Definition
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nBleeding in the subarachnoid space under arachnoid
qDue to cerebral aneurysm
nRupture of artery
qAVM: arterio-venous malformation
nBorn with a entanglement of arteries and veins that could rupture
nOccurs in 1:10,000 people
nAccounts for 5-10% of strokes
nCompression, headaches, lethargy
nGraded 1-4 (4 is worst)
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Term
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Definition
nSymptoms
q“worst headache of life”
qSudden onset
qSeizures
qVision changes
qNausea/vomiting: pressure on reticular formation in midbrain from swelling
qBrain will push downward because there is no where else to go
nDiagnosis
qCT Scan
qLumbar puncture: bloody CSF in spinal fluid
qCerebral angiogram: blood flow
qEvaluation of pupils
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Term
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Definition
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Term
PIA MATER (TENDER MOTHER) |
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Definition
nTissue paper like, delicate
nFibers anchor the arachnoid to the pia so there is no movement or vascularization
nConforms to all the surfaces, sulci and gyri, and lines the ventricles ~ seran wrap
nOnly one cell layer thick but is effective barrier to infection
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Term
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Definition
nInfection of meningeal layer, the fluid surrounding the spine and brain
qViral
nLess severe and resolves on own
nUntreated herpes & syphillis can cause it
qBacterial
nSevere and responds to antibiotics
nEnters through nasal cavity from bacterial erosion
nAntibiotics, steroids given
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Term
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Definition
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nSymptoms
qFever
qHeadache
qStiff neck
qNausea
qVomiting
qIrritation with bright lights
qConfusion
qLethargy
qHearing loss
nDiagnosis
qSpinal tap
qReflex test
qAntiobiotics
qsteroids
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Term
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Definition
nBacterial meningitis: intravenous (IV) antibiotics. The earlier the treatment is initiated, the better the outcome
nViral meningitis: supportive (aimed at relieving symptoms)
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