Term
| cortex sensory signs/symptoms |
|
Definition
complex sensory loss
astereognosis/agraphestesia
visual spatial loss (neglect)
difficulty localizing
more conspicuous loss in hands |
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Term
| cortex motor signs/symptoms |
|
Definition
weakness or paralysis
spasticity w/ increased DTR
little if any atrophy |
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Term
|
Definition
language/intellectual deficits
pathologic reflexes may be present
disturbances in memory and recall |
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|
Term
| (subcortical) thalamus: sensory signs/symptoms |
|
Definition
loss of primary sensory modalities
possible visual disturbances
spontaneous painful sensations |
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|
Term
| (subcortical) Basal ganglia: motor signs/ symptoms |
|
Definition
dyskinesiaa
abnormal posturing (dystonia)
possible hemiparesis |
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Term
| subcortical special features |
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Definition
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|
Term
| cerebellum sensory signs/symptoms |
|
Definition
| clumsiness and incoordination |
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Term
| cerebellum motor signs and symptoms |
|
Definition
ataxia and intention tremor
dysmetria and hypotonia
dysdiadochokinesia
possible depressed or pendular DTR's |
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Term
| brainstem sensory signs/symptoms |
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Definition
| sensory changes seen in cranial nerves and long tracts |
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Term
| brainstem motor signs/symptoms |
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Definition
motor changes seen in cranial nerve territories and may be LMN or UMN signs
long tract involvement with UMN signs |
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Term
| cerebelllum special features |
|
Definition
possible signs of brainstem involvement
gait disturbances
possible disturbed eye movements
rebound phenomenon may be present |
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|
Term
| brainstem special features |
|
Definition
crossed signs of facial/body involvement
CN + long tract signs= brainstem lesion |
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|
Term
| spinal cord sensory signs/symptoms |
|
Definition
well demarcated level below which there is decreased sensory perception (sensory level)
modality variability |
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|
Term
| spinal cord motor signs/symptoms |
|
Definition
spastic weakness w/ increase DTR's
dysautonomia
acute injury has flaccid paralysis w/ decreased DTR's |
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|
Term
| spinal cord special features |
|
Definition
pathologic reflexes and clonus
bowel/bladder dysfunction due to autonomic disturbances
absence of fasciculation/atrophy |
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|
Term
| nerve root (radiculopathy) sensory signs/symptoms |
|
Definition
dermatomal loss of sensation
asymmetric distribution that may be distal or proximal |
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|
Term
| nerve root (radiculopathy) motor signs/symptoms |
|
Definition
flaccid weakness
decreased DTR's
presence of fasciculations |
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|
Term
| nerve root (radiculopathy) special features |
|
Definition
pain is usually present
atrophy w/ early fasciculations |
|
|
Term
| peripheral nerve signs/symptoms |
|
Definition
territorial distribution of sensory loss
usually distal asymmetric loss |
|
|
Term
| peripheral nerve motor signs/symptoms |
|
Definition
flaccid weakness
decreased DTR's
presence of fasciculations |
|
|
Term
| peripheral nerve special features |
|
Definition
pain is usually present
atrophy or early fasciculations |
|
|
Term
| Neuromuscular junction sensory signs and symptoms |
|
Definition
| absence of sensory changes |
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|
Term
| neuromuscular junction motor signs and symptoms |
|
Definition
weakness that may be patchy in distribution
weakness noticed worse with exercise or later in the day
normal or reduced tone and DTR's |
|
|
Term
| neuromuscular junction special features |
|
Definition
effects muscles of face, eyes and jaw early
can be tested by sustaining upward gaze |
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|
Term
| myopathy sensory signs and symptoms |
|
Definition
| absence of sensory changes |
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|
Term
| myopathy motor signs and symptoms |
|
Definition
proximal weakness, usually symmetric absence of atrophy or fasciculations
normal DTR's and mass until late in disease
absence of sphincter disturbance |
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|
Term
| myopathy special features |
|
Definition
| family history usually provides clues to diagnosis |
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|
Term
| what area is the premotor cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| secondary somatosensory area |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| primary somatosensory cortex |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| parietal association cortex |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| language function (broca and Wernickes) |
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|
Term
| Unspoken language or printed word involves what part of the brain primarily |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| at the jct of parietal, occipital and temporal lobes |
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|
Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| deep branches of the MCA go to |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where are most hemiparetic strokes |
|
Definition
| in the posterior limb of the internal capsule |
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|
Term
| where are most motor programs stored |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what will cause occlusion of lenticulostriate arteries |
|
Definition
| hypercholesteremia, hyperglycemia, polycythemia, dehydration, vasoconstrictive activities such as smoking |
|
|
Term
| lenticulostriate arteries go what |
|
Definition
| the putamen, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus |
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|
Term
| function of globus pallidus |
|
Definition
| tonically inhibits the thalamus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| putamen, globus pallidus, internal capsule |
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|
Term
| anterior choroidal artery gives blood to |
|
Definition
| hippocampus and temporal lobe along with PCA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| middle cerebrum and corpus callosum |
|
|
Term
| Major blood to occipital lobe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| trauma to the temple may cause... |
|
Definition
| damage to middle meningeal artery causing epidural hematoma |
|
|
Term
| what type of hemorrhages are subarachnoid |
|
Definition
| arterial, they pump a higher pressure of blood and are far more dangerous |
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|
Term
| what is cushings phenomenon? |
|
Definition
| increases systolic pressure, heart rate drops, pressure continues to build w/in the cranium and on the brainstem |
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|
Term
| what is medial temporal lobe involved in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blurred optic disc, vessels are engorged due to a pressure build up |
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|
Term
| 2/3 of the cord is supplied by.... |
|
Definition
| the anterior spinal artery |
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|
Term
| when we adjust, what area of the cord are we affecting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does pain enter the cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the nerve supplying a joint also supplies both the muscle that moves the joint and the skin covering the articular insertion of those muscles |
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