Term
|
Definition
tremor
bradykinesia
rigidity
postural instability |
|
|
Term
| PD with cerebellar signs and autonomic problems what are you thinking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MAO-B inhibitors = selegiline
Dopamine agonists - Ropinarole
Levodopa |
|
|
Term
| non medical management of PD |
|
Definition
MDT team
supervised exercise programs
home modifications
rx associated conditions e.g. depression, dementia, psychosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
optic neuritis
intra nuclear opthalmoplegia
spinal cord: spastic paraparesis, lower limb sensory loss, urinary problems
cerebellum: DANISH |
|
|
Term
IX for MS?
needs demyelinating lesions disseminated in time and space |
|
Definition
MRI brain/SC shows demyelination
Evoke potentials may reveal delay due to demyelination
CSF fluid analysis for oligoclonal bands |
|
|
Term
mx of MS needs MDT approach
acute?
DMARDs
symptomatic relief? |
|
Definition
acute: IV/PO methylprednisolone
DMARDS: natalizumab, beta interferon
neuropathic pain: TCA, gabapentin
incontinence: intermittent self catheter, anticholinergics for urge
spasticity: physio, baclofen, gabapentin
Oscillopia: gabapentin
Fatigue: exercise, diet, amantadine (antiretroviral used against flu and in PD) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
brisk reflexes
weakness
up going plantars
increased tone
spasticity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reduced tone
weakness
wasting/fasciculations
reduced reflexes |
|
|
Term
in PROXIMAL weakness the sensation is normal. name causes
remember Congenital MIND. |
|
Definition
congenital: mitochondrial
Metabolic: Cushings, hypothyroid
Inflammatory: dermato/poliomyositis, inclusion body myositis
Neuromuscular: MG, LEsyndrome
Dystrophies: Beckers muscular dystrophy |
|
|
Term
| 3M's of bilateral UMN (pyramidal weakness) |
|
Definition
MS
MND: sensation in tact
Myelopathy: at sensory level: disc prolapse, transverse myelitis |
|
|
Term
causes for unilateral UMN?
work down from brain to spinal cord |
|
Definition
intracranial: CVA, MS
brainstem: MS
spinal cord: haemorrhage, avm, trauma |
|
|
Term
causes of bilateral LMN? with abnormal sensation distally (sensorimotor polyneuropathy)?
VIT DIM |
|
Definition
vascular: SLE, RA, PAN
infections: Herpes, HIV, syphylis
toxins: alcohol, TB drugs, metronidazole
DM:
inherited: charcot marie tooth
metabolic: B12 deficiency |
|
|
Term
| causes of bilateral LMN with normal sensation (distal motor neuropathhy) |
|
Definition
GBS
lead poisoning
porphyria
inclusion body myositis (proximal legs/ distal in arms)
progressive muscular atrophy |
|
|
Term
| causes of unilateral LMN weakness |
|
Definition
radiculopathy
plexopathy
nerve palsy: median, ulnar, radial, axially and common peroneal |
|
|
Term
| causes of absent ankle jerk with extensor planters? |
|
Definition
subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord
syphylis
MND |
|
|
Term
causes of cerebella disease?
MAVIS |
|
Definition
MS
Alcohol
Vascular: hemorrhage
Inherited: Freidrichs ataxia
Space occupying lesion |
|
|
Term
| causes of unilateral facial nerve LMN palsy? |
|
Definition
Bells
Ramsay hunt
SOL
Lymme disease
TB |
|
|
