Term
| What are three types of diffuse neuron/neuron communication? |
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Definition
1) divergence: 1 neuron synpases w/ many other neurons
2) volume: 1 neuron has no special connections with any neuron, but just approximates quite a few neurons
3) neuroendicrine |
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Term
| What are the basal ganglia? |
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Definition
| caudate nucleus, pudamen, globus pallidus |
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Term
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Definition
| caudate nucleus + putamen |
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Term
| what is the lenticular nucleus? |
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Definition
| putamen + globus pallidus |
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Term
| what is the main function of the basal ganglia? Secondary? |
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Definition
Main - regulating movement
secondary - cognition |
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Term
| what are the main components of the limbic system? |
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Definition
| amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cingulate gryus (collection of gray matter loci above corpus callosum) |
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Term
| where do axons in the corticospinal pathway cross the midsagittal plane? |
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Definition
| at the lowest parts of the medulla |
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Term
What function is associated with "ventral?" With "dorsal?"
To which structures can this relation be applied |
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Definition
| ventral -> motor, dorsal -> sensory. Apply relationship to brain, thalamus, spinal chord |
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Term
| If the right leg loses ability to sense vibration at 128 Hz and the left leg loses ability to feel cold, where is the lesion? Which leg may have loss of motor? |
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Definition
| On the right side, involving the entire half of the spinal chord near the level of the DRGs for the two appendages. The right leg will also have loss of some motor. |
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Term
| What are the 2 subdivisions of the cerebrum? |
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Definition
| Diencephalon, hemispheres |
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Term
| What type of cell lines ventricles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the paracrines that cause neuron survival/growth? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the first embryological step of early brain development? |
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Definition
| formation of three primary vesicles (pros/mes/rhombencephalon) |
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Term
| what are the names for the primordial divisions between affarent and efferent neurons in the brainstem/spinal chord? What separates them? |
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Definition
| The sulcus limitans separates the alar plate (afferent) from the basal plate (efferent). N.B. - in the brainstem, alar plates moves lateral to basal plate, but remains dorsal in the spinal chord. |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of developing neuron growth? |
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Definition
| A growth cone sends out multiple projections to see which way is farther from chemorepulsion/contact inhibitors and which is closer to chemoattractants. |
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Term
| What are three mechanisms of diffuse non-synaptic modulation of neurons? |
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Definition
| volume, endocrine, divergence |
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Term
| What are effects of cocaine on brain epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine? |
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Definition
| Cocaine blocks NE and dopamine reuptake |
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Term
| what is the order of catecholamine synthesis? |
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Definition
| tyrosine-> dopa -> dopamine -> NE -> Epinephrine |
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