Term
|
Definition
muscle atrophy
Sensation is NOT affected
Causation:
Oxidative damage to neurons
microglial damage
excitotoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tremor at rest
LEWY bodies found in substantia nigra
loss of stim. input to motor area
oxidative stress and microglial reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
increased dancing movements
death in caudate and putamen
autosomal dominant-gain of func mutation
Trinucleotide repeat- CAG-->glutamine
thalamic input to motor is INCREASED! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
B-amyloid deposits- PLAQUES
NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES
causative genes--> B-amyloid precursor Presenilin I and II
Risk genes-->eps 4 of apo E and interleukin-1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amnesia
encephalopathies- spongiform
protein folding- can accidentally refold others |
|
|
Term
| How does AD clinically present? |
|
Definition
| acalculia,apraxia, language disturbance, sequential problems |
|
|
Term
| APP can produce toxic or nontoxic products. classify each |
|
Definition
Toxic- insoluble fibrils/trigger free radicals->apoptosis
Non-toxic-soluble |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it triggers cGMP which activates PKG making it neuroprotective |
|
|
Term
| How are the toxic APP made |
|
Definition
| gamma and beta secretase cleave out the AB-protease, which aggreagates-->insoluble fibrils-->amyloid plaques |
|
|
Term
| How does Presenilin gene affect AD? |
|
Definition
alters Ca homeostasis (increasing the amount of Ca released)
causes neurotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| These genes cause familial AD |
|
Definition
21, 14 (PS-1), and 1 (PS-2)
auto dominant |
|
|
Term
| On what chromosome is APP found? |
|
Definition
21-->found in Down's patients
develop AD by 40's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chromosome 19
e4- triples risk for heterozygote
e3- most common
e2-protective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anti-cholinesterase agents
Namenda
secretase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
emotional incontinence
hypertension
history of stroke |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
memory is NOT an issue
disordered personality and social conduct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
primary progressive aphasia
Scandanavian descent
assoc. w/tau protein |
|
|
Term
| Where is the huntington protein located? |
|
Definition
|
|
