Term
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Definition
| chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| "chemical messengers, mostly manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another" |
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Term
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Definition
| "the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body" |
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Term
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Definition
| "natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure" |
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Term
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Definition
| a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| "cells in the NS that are not neurons but that support, nourish, and protect neurons" |
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Term
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Definition
| the body's chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| "the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages are sent to other neurons, cells, etc." |
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Term
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Definition
| the junction between the axon ip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| the process where excess neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the sending neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| the level of stimulatin required to trigger a neural impulse |
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Term
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Definition
| a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon; generated by the mmovement of positively charges atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing fivers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmissions speed of neural impulses |
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Term
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Definition
| the life support system of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane sacks of neurotransmitters located in the axon that release neurotransmitters into synaptic gap when triggered |
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Term
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Definition
| a resting period after a message is sent; prevents the message from being sent backwards |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| CNS neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory outputs and motor outputs |
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Term
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Definition
| neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| neurons that carry outgoig information from the CNS to the muscles and glands |
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Term
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Definition
| a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue; allows us to see structure w/in the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| "areas of the cereberal cortex that are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking" |
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Term
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Definition
| process where the negative ions rush out of the axon and leave a positive charge in the axon membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| "after the message is transmitted, it is the process where K+ ions flow out of the axon and the charge returns to being negative inside" |
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Term
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Definition
| "a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus" |
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Term
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Definition
| "idea that as long as the neuron reaches threshold, the message will be sent" |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitter found @ neuromuscular junctions; impt. in learning and memory; associated w/ Alzheimer's |
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Term
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Definition
| "neurotransmitter that deals w/ movement, learning, attention, emotion, and rewards; associated w/ Parkinson's, depression, and schizophrenia" |
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Term
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Definition
| "neurotransmitter that deals w/ sleep, mood, hunger, and arousal; associated w/ depression, anorexia, and sleep disorders" |
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Term
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Definition
| "neurotransmitter that deals w/ fight or flight response, alertness, and arousal; associated w/ depression" |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitter that deals w/ hunger and sleep; inhibits the CNS; associated w/ alcohol consumption which causes and inc. in GABA |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitters that exite neuron firing by mimicking a particular neurotransmitter or by blocking its reuptake |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitters that inhibit neuron firing by blocking neurotransmitters or by diminishing their release |
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Term
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Definition
| "a poison that occupies and blocks acetylcholine receptor sites, leaving the neurotransmitter unable to affect the muscles, thus paralyzing the animal or person" |
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Term
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Definition
| disease associated w/ a decrease in dopamine; leads to the degeneration of motor capabilities |
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Term
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Definition
| "brain disorder characterized by the gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and physical funtioning; assoc. w/ a dec. in acetylcholine" |
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Term
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Definition
| "a group of disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inapropriate emotions and actions" |
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Term
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Definition
| "disorder where there is a decrease in dopamine, seratonin, and norepinephrine; person feels sad, worthless, etc." |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the peripheral NS that controls the glands nad the muscles of the internal organs |
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Term
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Definition
| division of the peripheral NS that controls the body's skeletal muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| "division of the autonomic NS that calms the body, conserving its energy" |
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Term
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Definition
| "division of the autonomic NS that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations" |
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Term
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Definition
| the brain and the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| "system of neural structures associated w/ emotions like fear and aggression and drives like those for food and sex; includes hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus" |
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Term
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Definition
| two neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion and aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| "neural structure that directs eating, drinking, and body temp.; also helps govern endocrine system via pituitary gland; is linked to emotion" |
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Term
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Definition
| little brain attached @ rear of brainstem; helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance |
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Term
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Definition
| brain's sensory's switchboard; directs messages to the sensory receiving areas of the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla |
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Term
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Definition
| a nerve network in the brainstem that plays and important role in controlling arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the cerebral cortex involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the cerebral cortex including the sensory cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the cerebral cortex that includes auditory areas |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the cerebral cortex that includes visual areas |
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Term
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Definition
| the area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensations |
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Term
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Definition
| an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements |
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Term
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Definition
| a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe |
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Term
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Definition
| "an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech" |
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Term
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Definition
| the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them |
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Term
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Definition
| a neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage |
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Term
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Definition
| area of the brain where sound is processed |
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Term
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Definition
| area of the brain where images are processed |
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Term
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Definition
| "impairment of language, usually caised by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area(impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area(impairing understanding)" |
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Term
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Definition
| the brain's capacity to reorganize following damage to the brain |
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