Term
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Definition
Brain and SC
- afferent (sensory)
- efferent (motor) |
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Term
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Definition
CN and SN (after exiting the CNS)
also broken into afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)
PNS
1. Somatic NS = voluntary...skeletal m
2. Autonomic NS = involuntary...cardiac m, smooth m, glands
a. Sympathetic
b. Parasympathetic |
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Term
CNS structure and it's associated functions |
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Definition
1. Cerebral Hemispheres
- brain function = thinking, intelligence, memory, emotion, control over voluntary action, vision, language
2. BS
- head function (CN) =
a. midbrain = eye movement
b. pons = facial movement
3. SC
- motor nerves=
a. medulla = mouth, tongue, throat movements and sensation
b. neck, arm, hand function
c. chest and abdominal function
d. leg and foot function
e. sphincter function |
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Term
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Definition
- reticular formations = run up through BS
-cross talking neurons of different neuronal cell groups |
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Term
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Definition
1. cerebrum
a. cerebral hemisphere
- cerebral cortex
- basal ganglia
- hippocampus/amygdala
b. diencephalon
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
2. cerebellum
3. brainstem
a. midbrain
b. pons
c. medulla |
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Term
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Definition
1. midbrain
2. pons
3. medulla |
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Term
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Definition
1. cerebral hemisphere
a. cerebral cortex
b. basal ganglia
c. hippocampus/amygdala
2. Diencephalon
a. thalamus
b. hypothalamus |
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Term
| Cerebral Hemispheres parts |
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Definition
1. Cerebral Cortex
2. Basal Ganglia
3. Hippocampus/ amygdala |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- majority of the brain
- takes up the most mass and has the most tissue
- lots of neurons
- made of gray and white matter
-consciousness center
- ventricular system here |
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Term
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Definition
-lateral and inferior to the diencephalon
- voluntary movement control + postural adjustments
-cerebral tissue is associated with the levels of consciousness
made of:
1. caudate nucleus
2. putamen
3. globus pallidus |
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Term
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Definition
-associated with limbic system - emotion and memory
-inferior and lateral to diencephalon
-small structures |
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Term
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Definition
-control center of the brain
-lots of relay info goes through here and is filtered before it hits conscious level at the cerebral cortex
-decisions to react are made here
-how much electrical impulse is pulsing on the neurons determines whether the signal will go any further |
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Term
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Definition
= head functions (CN)
-between the cerebral cortex and sc
-nuclear cell groups are located deeply within the 3 parts = midbrain + pons + medulla
-projections coming from the cerebral cortex come and synapse on the nucleus in here
-even if the cerebral cortex dies, this will keep you alive
a. midbrain - eye movement
b. pons - facial movement/ sensation
c. medulla - mouth, tongue, throat movement/ sensation...respiratory and cardiac function also controlled here |
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Term
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Definition
| -respiratory and cardiac functions controlled here |
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Term
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Definition
1. supratentorial = cerebrum (midbrain up)
2. Posterior Fossa = BS + cerebellum (midbrain down)
3. Spinal
4. Peripheral |
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Term
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Definition
1.Sensory
2. Motor
3. Internal Regulation - hypothalamus
4. Consiousness -cerebral cortex
5. Cerebrospinal fluid
6. Vascular |
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Term
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Definition
=everything from the midbrain and up (cerebrum)
-anterior and middle cranial fossa,
-thalamus,cerebral cortex
-lateral ventricles
-falx cerebri |
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Term
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Definition
-divides left and right halves of brain
division line from supratentorial fossa to posterior fossa
-wraps around bs
-starts at midbrain level
-located in the supratentorial level |
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Term
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Definition
= midbrain to medulla
- bs, cerebellum
- midbrain
-pons
-medullary region
tentorium cerebelli
falx cerebelli
foramen magnum |
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Term
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Definition
| - runs throughout the cerebral cortex through BS and into subarachnoid area |
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Term
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Definition
- surrounds CNS, PNS, CSF
-must be intact for person to be healthy!
out: skull
epidural space (brain = fake/ sc = true)
dura = dense ct
subdural space (brain = true/ sc=fake)
arachnoid = nonvascular
subarachnoid space (houses CSF)
pia = vascular
in = brain + sc |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - divides primary motor and sensory cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| - deeper sulcus that can be pulled apart |
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Term
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Definition
-most medial system
- C shaped - runs from middle portion to posterior part of brain
-3rd ventricle is the most medial part and is sandwiched between the thalamus
- continues down into bs and opens in the pons as the 4th ventricle and is filled with CSF
-if pressure drops here in 4th ventricle --> massive headache |
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Term
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Definition
- lateral structures -caudate nuc - runs on outer ridge, lateral to lateral ventricles
- hypothalamus
- thalamus
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Term
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Definition
- not very thick
- =neural cell bodies + dendrites
- located in cortex and deep nuclei
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Term
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Definition
- =myelinated axonal fibers
- corpus callosum is here
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Term
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Definition
1. Neurons
- primary neuron - pyramidal neuron =has dendrites where synapses occur
- creates a fiber tract
- cell bodies make up the nucleus
2. Glial cells
- Oligodendrocytes = primary glial cells in CNS, myelinated
- astrocytes = structure and metabolic support; maintain BBB
- ependymal cells = cells of the choroid plexus and make CSF; line ventricles
- microglial = handle infections, phagocytic
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Term
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Definition
| = small bundle of axonal fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| = collection of funiculi (small bundle of axonal fibers) |
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Term
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Definition
| = fiber tracts that project to thalamus directly |
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Term
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Definition
=large group of fibers
- could be the size of your thumb
- cerebrellar peduncle = divided into superior, middle, inf...primary motor function
- cerebral peduncle = carries primary motor info down to target structure to the sc or m they are synapsing on...ex. pyramidal tract
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Term
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Definition
- = any neuron that are not directly responsible for stimulating the target m
- housed in cerebral cortex gray matter
- = originate in motor areas and connect to lower motor neurons
- project axons out and synapse with a nuclear group in the bs and sc
- controls motor control
- if lesion - will not lose ability to move...because there is a reflex arch present
- lesion here shows spasticity
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Term
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Definition
- neurons which project from nuclear region of sc of bs to target m
- ex. alpha motor neurons - innervate extrafusal fibers...for m. contraction
- ex. gamma motor neurons - innervate intrafusal fibers...sense body position
- lesions here are worse!
- lesions will cause fasciculation and you lose motor input
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Term
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Definition
| = brain function: thinking, intelligence, memory, emotion, control over voluntary action, vision, language |
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Term
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Definition
= controls ANS
endocrine function
internal regulation |
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Term
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Definition
choroid plexus = infoldings of BV of pia that cover ependymal cells
- specialized structure that projects into the lateral, 3, 4 ventricls
- tight junctions of this plexus form the blood-CSF barrier
- 2 lateral ventricles connect to 3rd via - intraventricular foramina of monroe
- 3rd connects to 4th via cerebral aqueduct
- 4th connects with subarachnoid space via: 2 lateral foramina of luschka + 1 medial foramen of magendie
- CSF enters superior sagital sinus via arachnoid granulations
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