Term
| what is the term for development of the nervous system? Steps? |
|
Definition
neuraliation
1) thickening of the neural plate
2) formation of the neural folds and groove
3) convergence of the lateral margins of the neural plate
4) fusion of the neural plate to form the neural tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anencephaly and spina bifida
(failure of anterior neuropore to close, failure of posterior neuropore to close) |
|
|
Term
| these cells are formed at the top of the neural tube and give rise to many other kinds of cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unipolar, bipolar, multipolar |
|
|
Term
| whats another name for the Soma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RER granules in neurons, where would we find them? |
|
Definition
| nissl bodies. Soma and dendrites |
|
|
Term
| name the cytoskeleton elements in the neurons and their function |
|
Definition
microtubules (tubulin): transport motor proteins
microfilaments: sequester neurotransmitters and have binding for communication
Intermetiate filaments (neurofilaments): structural support |
|
|
Term
| Name the 2 proteins that assist in axonal transport |
|
Definition
anterograde transport: Kinesin
Retrograde transport: cytoplasmic dynein |
|
|
Term
| what causes shingles? where does it live? |
|
Definition
| varicella zoster, lives in DRG neurons |
|
|
Term
| describe what happens at an action potential |
|
Definition
| 1) stimulus reaches threshold potential causing Na channels to open, Na rushes into cell, shortly later K channels open, repolarizin and slightly hyperpolarlizing the cell. depolarizing current (when NA channels open, cause adjacent channels to also open |
|
|
Term
mylenated portion of an axon in PNS
unmeylenatied portion |
|
Definition
internode
node of ranvier |
|
|
Term
| Describe how a synapse works |
|
Definition
| AP travels down axon to terminal buton trigering a voltage gated Ca++ channel. Ca goes into buton, binding with synaptotagmin which changes the conformation of the buton causing the release of neurotransmitter into the synapes. Neurotransmitter diffuses across the synapse and binds with post synaptic receptors which either inhibit or exicte the response |
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 kinds of neuroglia and their function |
|
Definition
oligodendrocytes: mylenate CNS cells
astrocytes: long projections that anchor neurons to other things (end feet)
microglia: macrophage of the immune system
ependyma: secrete CSF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
protoplasmic--in gray matter
fibrous--in white matter |
|
|
Term
| white matter vs gray matter |
|
Definition
| axon tracts vs cell bodies |
|
|
Term
| these myleinate axons in the PNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many internodes can oligodendrocytes mylenated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
demylenation and subsiquent T cell perivascualr inflamation in the white matter of the brain
can be viral or autoimmune |
|
|
Term
| these are the primary cells to respond to a brain injury. How does it work? |
|
Definition
Microglia
produce chemoattractatns wich allowWBCs to travel across the BBB. Can initatte neuroimmunologic disease |
|
|
Term
| what type of cells line the central canal in the brain? What is their surface specialization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is the area that secretes CSF? What is the typical volume in the body? Where does it drain? |
|
Definition
| chorid plexus, 140 ml, subarachnoid granules |
|
|
Term
these are bundles of cell bodies in the PNS
Which is for sensory? |
|
Definition
ganglia
dorsal root ganglia |
|
|
Term
| this is the feeling of pain with no stimulus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
sympathetic vs parasympathetic
where on the spinal cord
which part is long/short |
|
Definition
fight or flight S; rest digest P
thoracolumbar / craniosacral
S has short pre long post, P has long pre short post |
|
|
Term
| describe a nerve from the outside to the inside |
|
Definition
| epineurium, nerve, perineruim, fassicle, epineruim (fiber (can be mylenated or not) |
|
|
