Term
| Dorsal horn originates from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ventral horn originates from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Monopolar cells are in the dorsal root ganglia are derived from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the most common monosynaptic relexes tested along with the cord level it corelates to? |
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Definition
Deltoid--C5
Biceps jerk--C5-6
Triceps Jerk--C-7
Knee Jerk--L4
Ankle Jerk--S1 |
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Term
| Origin of the preganglionic parasympathetic axons of X |
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Definition
| Dorsal Motor Nucleus of Vagus |
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Term
Origin of the preganglionic parasympathetic axons of IX to the
otic ganglion, and where is it located? |
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Definition
| Inferior salivatory Nucleus of IX, located just rostral to the dorsal motor nucleus of X |
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Term
| What originates in the nuleus ambiguus? |
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Definition
| Origin of the branchiomeric axons of both IX and X, rostral end joins IX and the ones in the middle join X |
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Term
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Definition
Forms the central core of the brainstem. A "primitive" homeostatically important part of the CNS; it contains cardiovascular
and respiratory centers |
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Term
| Functional significance of the Medulla |
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Definition
Vital Motor Regulatory Centers.
1. Reflex control of the cardiovascular system.
2. Reflex control of respiration.
3. Reflex control of swallowing and vomiting.
4. Important in phonation = control of tongue, pharynx, larynx |
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Term
| Visceral motor component of facial nerve synapse in which ganglia |
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Definition
| pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia |
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Term
| Which axons form the axons form the preganglionic parasympathetic component of VII |
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Definition
| superior salivatory nucleus |
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Term
| Functional Significance of the Pons |
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Definition
1. Reflex control of the micturition and respiratory systems.
2. Important in eye movements and coordinated movement of the eyes and head.
3. Corneal reflex as an example |
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Term
| Which cranial nerves are associated with the superior and inferior colliculi respectively |
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Definition
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Term
| Functional Significance of the Midbrain |
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Definition
1. The tectum is important in visual and auditory reflexes that orient the eyes, ears, head, and body toward visual and acoustic stimuli.
2. Coordinated eye movements.
3. Reflexes that control the diameter of the pupil and focusing the lens.
4. Consciousness and arousal: The mesencephalic ascending reticular activating system. |
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Term
| dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus has connections to what part of the cortex |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of the cortex does the pulvinar nucleus in the thalamus have connections to? |
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Definition
| parietal, temporal and occipital cortex, including the primary and association visual cortex |
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Term
| Of the six layers of the cortex, which recieves most input from the Thalamus |
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Definition
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Term
| What sensory info does the spinalthalamic tract carry |
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Definition
| Pain and temperature. Tract is also known as the ALS from the Anterior Lateral Quadrant of spinal cord |
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Term
| Two types of pain receptors |
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Definition
unmyelinated free nerve ending for nocicepton (C fibers, slow) and
myelinated (A-delta, fast). |
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Term
| What course do the axons that make up the ALS (spinothalmic tract) take from origin to termination |
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Definition
| Primary axons enter the cord and go up or down 1-3 segments the synapse on a cell bodie in the Dorsal root of cord, axons cross the anterior white commisure and then travel up the anterior lateral tract to terminate in the VPL (ventral posterior lateral) nucleus of the thalamus |
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Term
| Cell bodies in the VPL that received info from the ALS have axon projections to where |
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Definition
Their axons project via the posterior limb of the internal capsule to the
postcentral gyrus and the posterior part of the paracentral lobule. |
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Term
| C fiber pain can also come to consciousness via what |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Axon tract. Sensation going into the dorsal root can take this tract up or down 1-3 spinal segments before synapsing in the dorsal root. |
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Term
| What dermotones are most superficial in the ALS |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of sensory input is carried in the DCML |
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Definition
fine discriminating touch (2-point discrimination), vibration,
joint position (proprioception) |
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Term
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Definition
cortical interpretation of
the sensory information in order to recognize objects |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to interpret a number drawn on your hand |
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Term
| Two tracts of the Dorsal Column and what fibers they carry. (Medial to Lateral) |
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Definition
Most medial: Gracile fasciculus(tract) S5-T7
Going more lateral: Cuneate fasciculus – T6-C1 (upper trunk and arm) |
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Term
| The Principal (=chief) trigeminal nucleus carries caries what fibers and is located where? |
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Definition
fine touch stimuli (two point
discrimination), joint position, and vibration. Located in the middle of pons just lateral to the motor nucleus of V. |
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Term
| The Spinal trigeminal nucleus (=descending nucleus of V) carries what fiber and is located where? |
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Definition
| pain and temperature. It synapses in The Spinal (descending) nucleus which extends caudally from the caudal pons down to C 2-3 and is continuous with the dorsal horn. The tract is continuous with the dorsolateral fasciculus |
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Term
| Describe the path of sensory information from the face to the cortex. |
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Definition
Two Pathways: Pain and Temp -- Primary neurons travel down the spinaltrigeminal tract which is continuous with the dorsal lateral fasiculus and synapse between the caudal pons and as low as C-3 in the spinaltrigeminal nucleus. The secondary neurons duccusate as they follow the ventral trigeminothalimic pathway next to the lemniscus up to the VPM nucleus of the thalumus. From there the tertiary neurons travel along the internal capsule to the postcentral gyrus.
Touch discrimination, vibration and joint position--synapse in the principal (chief) trigeminal nucleus Located in the middle of pons just
lateral to the motor nucleus of V. Secondary neurons deccusate and go to the VPM then take the same course as above. |
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Term
| Where does the postcentral gyrus recieve input from |
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Definition
| via internal capsule from VPM and VPL for both ALS, DCML and trigeminothalamic systems |
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Term
| Where does the output from the postcentral gyrus go to? |
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Definition
| To Association Somatosensory Cortex: Posterior Superior Parietal Areas 5 & 7 |
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Term
| Describe the pathway of sensory from the DCML to the cortex. |
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Definition
1 neurons travel enter the dorsal root and then travel up the ipsalateral dorsal column in either the graciles (Sacral/lumbar) or cuneate(Thoracic and cervical) tract. They synapse in the medulla in the gracile and cuneate nuclei. 2 neurons deccusate and travel in a tract called the medial lemniscus (ML). The somatotopic organization within the bundle rotates as the tract
ascends:
(1) "Feet down" in medulla.
(2) "Feet lateral" in pons.
(3) "Feet up" in midbrain
(4) Axons terminate in VPL thalamus
3 neurons travel to post central gyrus via the internal capsule |
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Term
| Where is the Association Somatosensory Cortex and what symptoms are related to lesions there? |
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Definition
Posterior Superior Parietal, Areas 5 and 7 of Brodmann. When on the non-dominant side (right side) lesions are associated with Astereognosis, Agraphesthesia, "Cortical Neglect", an inability to
perceive objects or parts of your body in space. It also has some connections with motor and premotor cortex in the frontal lobe. |
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Term
| Which is more medial, the graciles or cuneate tracts |
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Definition
| Graciles. M to L (SL)G(TC)C |
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Term
| Course of axon in corticospinal tract |
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Definition
1. Cell body in Cerebral cortex
2. Internal capsule
3. Cerebral Peduncle
4. Pons proper/basal pons
5. Pyramid of medulla (deccusates here)
6. Cord 90% in Lateral corticospinal tract(crossed), 10% in ventral or anterior corticospinal tract (uncrossesd)
7. terminate in ventral horn, uncrossed axons cross before terminating. |
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Term
| What due the three limbs of the internal capsule each contain |
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Definition
A. The anterior limb (to and from frontal lobe and basal ganglia is less important).
B. The genu- Corticobulbar
C. The posterior limb contains
1. Some corticobulbar fibers or tract
2. Corticospinal fibers or tract.
3. Sensory radiations – somatosensory, auditory, visual |
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Term
| Blood Supply of Pyramid and lateral cord |
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Definition
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