Term
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Definition
| Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital, and Insular |
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Term
| Main functions of frontal lobe |
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Definition
| Judgment, reasonsing, intellectual functioning, personality, abstract thinking, and long term memory |
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Term
| Main functions of temporal lobe |
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Definition
| Hearing center (primary: recognition of hearing sound; secondary: interpreting sounds/meanings; Wernicke's: decoding phonetic info) |
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Term
| Main functions of parietal lobe |
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Definition
| Somatosensory (primary: reception of body senses from body; secondary: reception of info from deeper brain) |
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Term
| Angular gyrus (in parietal)* |
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Definition
| Understanding written material |
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Term
| Supramarginal gyrus (in parietal)* |
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Definition
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Term
| Main functions of occipital lobe |
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Definition
| Vision (primary: receives most direct signal from eyes; secondary: visual association, inteprets/discriminates visual imputs, meaning of written word) |
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Term
| Calcarine sulcus (in occipital)* |
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Definition
| area are the CS is a primary receptor for visual information |
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Term
| Main functions of insular lobe |
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Definition
| Speech-motor control; gives sequenece/planning for articulation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Grey matter: nucleus and cell bodies of neurons; White matter: myelinated axons and dendrities (includes supporting cells called gilacells) |
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Term
| Arcuate Fasciculus function |
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Definition
| Connects Wernicke's with Broca's area; AKA the phonological loop |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication. It is the largest white matter structure in the brain. |
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Term
|
Definition
| caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen, subthalmic nucleus, substantia nigra |
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Term
| Function of the basal ganglia* |
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Definition
| Controlling eye movement, motivation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Parkinson's (hyperkinetic movement [short gait, shuffling]); Huntington's chorea (hypokinetic movement [wild, flinging]) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Normal speech production; poor speech repetition |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Three types of Cerebral Vascular Accidents (CVAs) |
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Definition
| Thrombotic, Hemorragic, Embolic |
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Term
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Definition
| blockage due to clot within artery; causes stenosis (narrowing of artery) |
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Term
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Definition
| bursting of blood vessel in brain; congenital; advanced arteriosclerosis; aneurysm (weak spot in artery wall) |
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Term
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Definition
| blockage of artery from a traveling particle (i.e. cholesterol, blood clot, bubble of air, gas, tumor, bacteria, marrow) |
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Term
| Deficits with Anterior Cerebral Artery lesions/occlusions |
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Definition
| Paralysis; Cognitive, emotional, and personality changes; apraxia of gait |
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Term
| Deficits with Middle Cerebral Artery lesions/occlusions |
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Definition
| Contralateral hemiplegia (weakness on one side of body, usually face and arms); cortical hypothesia (numbness in same side as motor loss); hemianopsia (loss of 1/2 of visual field in each eye); aphasia; visual agnosia (inability to assign meeting to what is seen); apraxia; unilateral dysarthria |
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Term
| Deficits with Posterior Cerebral Artery/Vertibrobasilar lesions/occlusions |
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Definition
| dyslexia/dyscalculia; memory impairments/higher cognitive functions; hemianopia; visual agnosia; ataxic dysarthria |
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Term
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Definition
| Innervates arms, legs, hands, fingers, lower legs, feet, and toes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Innervates cranial-facial muscles (goes to brainstem to affect said muscles) |
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Term
| Symptoms of lower motorneuron (LMN) lesions |
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Definition
| Muscular atrophy; fasciculations (tiny twitches of muscle); decreased reflexes; muscle weakness; flaccidity |
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Term
| Symptoms of Upper Motorneurons (UMN) Lesions |
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Definition
| Spasticity; muscular weakness; increased reflexes; Unilateral lesion symptoms: paralysis of contralateral side; Bilateral lesions: paralysis of both sides of body |
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