Term
| 2 general nervous systems |
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Definition
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Term
| Algorhythm of Nervous System Dx |
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Definition
| 1. Perform you PE, 2. correlate anatomic location/sensation with specific nervouse location (CNS/PNS), 3. associate dz process with the Sx present, 4. determine if its focal/multifocal 5. formulate your Tx plan |
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Term
| Example of focal process, Example of multifocal , Example of Diffuse |
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Definition
| Glioblastoma multiforme, Non-hodkins Lymphoma, HIV encephalitis |
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Term
CNS develops from
PNS develops from
Components of the diencephalon
Components of the Basal Ganglia |
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Definition
1. Neural Tube
2. Neural Crest
3. Anything that ends in thalamus + basal ganglia
4. caudate nucleus, Globus pallidis, putamen, claustrum, amygdala |
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Term
Timeframe of neural tube formation
Thickening of the ectoderm =
Longitudinal groove of neural plate fold=
Neural plate raised edges=
Fold increases in height to form= |
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Definition
day 18
Neural Plate
Neural Groove
Neural Folds
Neural Tube |
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Term
| Neural Plate 3 layers and what they develop into |
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Definition
1. marginal layer (outer layer), white matter
2. Mantle layer (middle layer), grey matter
3. Ependymal layer (inner layer), ventricles of the brain and central spinal cord canal |
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Term
Mass of tissue that lies b/t the neural tube and skin ectoderm
What does it differentiate into |
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Definition
Neural Crest
All the PNS structures + adrenal medulla |
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Term
| What is the basis for many NTD during pregnancy and why is it a problem? |
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Definition
Decrease in folic acid
Due to women not realizing they are pregnant until day 21 when closure of the neural tube is at day 18-26, too late to correct deficiency |
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Term
Folic Acid basic information
What kind of vitamin?
When should it be given?
What is its use?
Why is it importance? |
|
Definition
B9 vitamin
1 mo before conception and 1st trimester
Reduces the risk of NTD through its use in production of DNA |
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Term
1.Results from failure of the neuropore to close. The brain fails to develop
2.failure of the posterior neuropore to form. MC in the sacrolumbar region
3. cerebellomedullary malformation in which the caudal vermis, cerebellar tonsils, and medulla herniate through the foramen magnum results in communicating hydrocephalus
4. Hydrocephalus resulting from failure of the foramina of Luschka and Mangendie to open. It is associated with an occipiatl meningocele and agenesis of the cerebellar vermis
6. MCC by cerebral aqueduct stenosis during development. Excessive CSF accumulates in the ventricles and subarachnoid space. May result from maternal infection from either CMV or toxoplasmosis
7. MCC of mental retardation. Microencephally and congenital heart dz. Most severe form is holoprosencephaly. |
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Definition
1. Anecephaly
2. Spina bifida
3. Cranium bifidum
4. Arnold-Chiari syndrome
5. Dandy-Walker syndrome
6. Hydrocephalus
7. Fetal EtOH syndrome |
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Term
| Derived from mesoderm, name 5 types |
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Definition
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Term
1.Found in the CNS. Perivascular processes that cover capillaries with in the brain and contribute to the BBB
2.Found in the CNS. Phagocytic amoeboid shaped cells
3. Found in CNS. Form epithelial lining of brain cavity-especially the ventricals and central canal of the spinal cord. Create "tufts of capillaries" forming a chorioid plexuses that create CSF
5. Found in PNS. Surrounds axons of the Peripheral axons. Forms a neurolemmal sheath
6. Found in the PNS. Supporting structure of the neurons within the sensory and autonomic ganglia |
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Definition
1.Astroglia
2. Microglia
3. Ependymoglia
4. Oligodendroglia
5. Schwann Cells
6. Satellite cells |
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Term
1.Destruction results in spastic paresis
2.destruction results in the deviation of the eyes to the ipsilateral side
3. Located in the posterior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere. Destruction results in expressive aphasia
4.Destruction results in obscene language/ urinating in public
5. Deficits in concentration, orientation, abstract thinking, judgment, problem solving |
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Definition
1. Motor and pre-motor cortex
2. Frontal eye field
3. Broca's Speech area
4. Orbital portion of the prefrontal cortex
5. 2/3 of prerontal cortex |
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Term
Deficit in:
1. slight loss in hearing v. bilateral loss of hearing
2. Receptive aphasia; posterior superior gyrus
3. Upper quadrantanopia
4. ipsilater anosmia
5. olfactory and gustatory hallucinations
6. inability to consolidate short-term memory into long-term memory
7.results in Kluver-Bucy syndrome (Explain)
8. Prosopagnosia (explain) |
|
Definition
Lesion in:
1. Primary Auditory Cortex v. cortical deafness
2. Wernicke's Speech area
3. Meyer's loop
4. Olfactory bulb, tract, and primary cortex
5. Hippocampal
6. Anterior temporal lobe- psychic blindness(visual agnosia, hyperphagia, docility, hypersexuality
7. Interomedial Occipittemporal cortex, inability to recognize faces |
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Term
Destruction results in:
1. contralateral hemihyperesthesia and asterognosis
2. contralateral asterognosis and sensory neglect
3. Gerstmann's Syndrome (explain)
4. topographic memory loss, anosgnosia, construction apraxia, dressing apraxia, contralateral sensory neglect, contralateral hemianopia/ lower quadrantopia |
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Definition
Destruction in:
1. Sensory Cortex
2. superior parietal lobe
3. inferior parietal lobe-dominant hemisphere, Right and left confusion, finger agnosia, dysgraphia, dyslexia, dyscalculia, hemianopia/quadrantanopia
4. Inerior lobe - nondominant hemisphere |
|
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Term
Astereognosis
Anosognosia
Apraxia
Alexia |
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Definition
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Term
Lobe responsible for:
1. Language/Hearing/short-term memory/ olfaction
2. Touch/Astereognosis/Hemispatial neglect/Inability to copy figures
3. Behavior/emotions/problem solving/personality/reasoning/primary motor region
4. Visual Processing/ Shape and color ID |
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Definition
Responsibilities of:
1. Temporal lobe
2. Parietal Lobe
3. Frontal Lobe
4. Occipital Lobe |
|
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Term
Type of lesion and location causing:
Cortical Blindness
Hemianopia of quadrantanopia |
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Definition
1. Occipital Lobe for both
2. Bilateral lesion
3. Unilateral lesion |
|
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Term
Test of choice for Split Brain syndrome
What is a positive finding
If a pt with split brain syndrome covers their R eye and cannot read a word with their L eye what brain dominance does this pt have? |
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Definition
Wada Test
Pt becomes aphasic when injected on that side
Left Side Dominance |
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Term
What dz is related:
decrease in ACh?
Decrease in DA?
MC NT of postganglionic sympathetic neurons? |
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Definition
1. Alzheimer's
2. Dopamine
3. NE |
|
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Term
Important NT:
1. Exclusively in hypothalamus
2. Most widely distributed and abundant, pain reduction
3. Plays a role in movement d/o
4. Major inhibatory NT of the brain
5. Major inhibatory NT of the spinal cord
6. Major excitatory NT of the brian
7. Siezure activity |
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Definition
1. Endorphins
2. Enkephalines
3. Substance P
4. GABA
5. Glycine
6. Glutamate
7. Aspartate |
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Term
ID dz:
1.Results from degeneration of DA neurons found in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra
2. Results from a loss of ACh and GABA containing neurons in the striatum and substantia nigra
3. Results from degeneration of cortical and cholingeric neurons in the basal nucleus of Meynert; assc with 60-90% loss of choling acetyltransferase in the cerebral cortex
4. An autoimmune syndrome that occurs in the presence of AB to the nicotinic ACh receptors; reduces the number of receptors in the NMJ which results in the muscle paralysis |
|
Definition
1. Parkinson's dz
2. Huntington's dz
3. Alzheimer's dz
4. Myasthenia gravis |
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Term
In ability to speak:
2 forms? |
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Definition
1. Aphasia
2. Motor/expressive->Frontal lobe->doing->Broca's area
3. Sensory/Receptive->Temporal lobe->Sensing-> Wernicke's area |
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Term
| Fluency impaired a problem w/ language production; repetition impaired; Comprehension relatively preserved, but may have some difficulty with more difficult concepts; Usually assc with R hemiparesis; Lesion located Broca's Area; Deficit of problem frustrated by it |
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Definition
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Term
| Fluency preserved A problem with language comprehension; Repetition limited; comprehension impaired; associated signs-->R upper visual field defect |
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Definition
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Term
| What other condition do pt with speech aphasia also have? |
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Definition
| Agraphia-->aphasic in their ability to write |
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Term
| Loss of ability to carry out learned purposeful movenetments despite having the desire and the physical ability to perform the movements; non-dominent hemisphere |
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Definition
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Term
| Inability to perceive a stimulus despite intact sensory pathways--> asterognosis/agraphethesia are examples |
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Definition
| Neglect-->lack of attention, one hemisphere |
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Term
3 parts of the basal ganglia?
2 parts of the diencephalon?
2 important divisions of the midbrain brain |
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Definition
1. Caudate/putamen/globus pallidus
2. thalamus/ hypothalamus
3. basal ganglia/diencephalonk |
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Term
| Coordinates motor activity; input is from the cerebral cortex, the thalamus, and substantia nigra; lesions here cause movement d/o, and cause parkinson's/essential tremor/ Huntington's dz |
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Definition
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Term
| Loss of DA neurons in the substansia nigra (pars impacta)-> rigidity/bradykinesia/tremor/loss of relexes |
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Definition
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Term
1.Damage to the contralateral subthalamic nucleus of Luys
2.AD dz; progressive dimentia and chorea-->atrophy. Stokes rarely occur however. |
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Definition
1. Hemiballismus(hemishorea)
2. Huntington's |
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Term
| Relays information to and from the cortex and translates impulses related to pain, attnetion, and alterness; relatys almost all sensory input to the cerebral cortex. Crude perception of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature. |
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Definition
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Term
1.Acts as a messanger to the pituitary glands, plays an integral role in body temperature, sleep, appetite, and sexual behavior
2. blood glucose, heart rate and respiration in response to stresses, control of thermoregulation, the perceptiono of huner, thirst, control of electrolyte and water balance, and the sleep-wake cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| Consists of the pineal gland which performs regulatory functions and are associated with the secretion of melatonin, serotonin, and norepinepherine |
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Definition
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Term
| Structures of Limbic System |
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Definition
CHALM
Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Locus ceruleus
Midbrain raphae |
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Term
| Siezures arising from where are felt as fear? |
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Definition
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Term
1.Chief role in the memory of emotional experiences, central role in behavioral responses to fear; can be enlarged in autism
2. Integrator of incoming novel and unpleseant stimuli; may predict the next event based on what has already happened |
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Definition
1. Amygdala
2. Septohippocampal are |
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Term
| Feedback d/o are related to posture/equillibrium/ motor learning-->Overall "posterior fossa" localizer |
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Definition
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Term
Parts of the midbrain:
Voluntary movements?
Posture/adjustments/coordination?
Controls respirations? |
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Definition
1. Pyramidal
2. Extrapyramidal
3. RAS |
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Term
UMN pathway
LMN pathway
Spinal cord tracts that sense:
voluntary motor activity
pain and temperature
light touch/vibration |
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Definition
1.cortex-> brainstem->crossover->anterior root
2. Anterior horn->innervates effector (action)
3. Corticospinal tract
4. Spinothalamic tract
5. Dorsal Columns |
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Term
Name that pathway:
Voluntary movements, integration of complicated movments, originats in the cortex, cross in the medulla, terminates on anterior horn cell--> |
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Definition
| 1. corticospinal pathway-> pyramidal tract |
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Term
| 2 sensory pathways and responsibilities: |
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Definition
1. Dorsal columns(posterior columns)->vibration/ position/ light touch
2. Spinothalamic tracts: pain/ temperature |
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Term
Pathway of:
Spinothalamic tract
Dorsal Columns |
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Definition
1. cross midline immediately->ascend thalamus opposite of stimulus
2. Vibration, position sense, light touch; sensory ipulses ascend up the same side as fibers enter the cord; fibers cross the midline at the medulla. |
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Term
| Ischemia of which artery produces devastating strokes? |
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Definition
|
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Term
areas supplied by:
Middle cerebral artery
Occipital artery |
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Definition
1. Frontal, parietal, and lateral temporal lobes
2. Occipital, medial aspect of temporal, cerebellum, TIA |
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Term
Ischemia:
afffects the lower limb area of the motor cortex
affects the face and upper limb are of the motor cortex; also affects the language hemisphere
Leads to both R/L PCA; occlusion of the vertebrobasilar sstem leads to "drop attacks" |
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Definition
1. ACA
2. MCA
3. Basilar artery |
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Term
| Posterior circulation is composed of: |
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Definition
| SCA, PICA, AICA, basilar artery |
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Term
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Definition
| Protection from chemical/physical injury, protection, cushion; carries O2, glucose, circulates through cavities |
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Term
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Definition
| begins with choroid plexus in each lateral ventricle-> dumps into 3rd ventricle(superior to the hypothalamus and b/t the R/L halves of teh thalamus->cerebral aqueduct ->subarachnoid space and 4th ventricle->central canal of spinal cord |
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Term
| Where does blood and CSF drain? |
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Definition
| By arachnoid villi within the arachnoid mater that extends into the dural sinuses(one way valves) |
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Term
Nerves making up PNS?
Actions/innervation? |
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Definition
Craniosacral:CN
III- iris
VII-lacrimal and submandibular glands
IX- parotid gland
X- heart, gut
S2-4: gut/bladder |
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Term
1. Loss of function/sensation
2. d/o of voluntary movements/impaired performance; not able to remember how to do an activity; no cooridination; Able to explain the use of an object, but not able to actually use the object correctly
3. decreased sensation in an area
4. numbness or tingling over an area
5. The band of skin innervated by the sensory root of a single spinal nerve; aids in localing neurologic lesions
6. Neuron extending from spinal cord to effector carrying out motor action
7. In able to ambulate; lack of coordination; commonly involves the cerebellum
8.
9. Steplike deterioration in intellectual functions with focal neurologic signs, as the result of multiple infarctions of the cerebral hemisphere
10. Difficulty in performing voluntary actions due to pathology of the extrapyridimal tract
11. Neuron extending from the organ to the spinal cord carrying sensory input
12. Rapid influx of Na into the neuron causing a nerve signal conduction leading to propagation to the axon terminal
13. Multiple nerve involvement in a d/o or dz resulting in distal/proximal/stocking glove pattern
14. Single nerve involvement->focal sensory/motor weakness
15. Tumor of the thymus
16. dz of immunoglobulin synthesis
17. Burning sensation
18. more cells than normal due to leukocytosis->lymphocytosis primarily or round inflitration
19. autoimmune autonomic gangliopathy resulting in dysfunction of the SNS/PSN, but sparing the somatic NS
20.Flaccidity, lack of muscle tone |
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Definition
1. paralysis
2. apraxia
3. numbness
4. paresthesia
5. Dermatome
6. Efferent nerve
7. Ataxia
8. Hemineglect
9. Vascular dementia
10. Dyskinesia
11. Afferent Nerve
12. Depolarization
13. Polyneuropathy
14. Mononeuropathy
15. Thymoma
16. Gammopathy
17. Dysethesia
18. Pleocytosis
19. Pandysautonomia
20. Atony |
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Term
| Pt with: with a neurologic d/o has sensation from T1-T5, but then T5 and T6 he has numbness, but then returns to normal at T7 and inferiorly. Where is the sensory level? |
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Definition
|
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Term
What would cause numbness through an entire extremity?
Neurons are supplied with blood through what structure? |
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Definition
1.Nothing is consistent with this, considered non-organic(Wandal sign)
2. Veno Nervosum |
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Term
|
Definition
1. stimuli in close sequence->loud sound/pain/bright light
2. many stimuli occurring at the same time |
|
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Term
Nerve affected:
Bell's palsy
Saturday night syndrome-MC occurs how
Funny bone
Meralgia paresthetica
Compartment syndrome
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome |
|
Definition
1. Facial
2. Radial- fall asleep w/ arm thrown over the back of a chair
3. Median
4. Ulnar
5. Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
6. Deep peroneal nerve
7. Posterior tibial nerve |
|
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Term
| 2 major types of polyneuropathy |
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Definition
1. Axonal
2. Demyelinating |
|
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Term
Types of axonal polyneuropathy
types of demyelinating polyneuropathy |
|
Definition
1. acute-> Subacute-> Chronic-> >month; <5 yr=toxic v. metabolic; >5 yr= hereditary/DM/dysproteinemic
2. Acute-> Subacute-> Chronic-> >month; hereditary, inflammatory, autoimmune, dysproteinemias, metabolic, toxic causes |
|
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Term
| MCC of worldwide treatable neuropathy |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Pt with: decreased vibratory sensation and loss of propioception. Has a Hx of alcoholism/being a vegan/Chron's dz/ pancreatic insufficiency. On lab findings there are microcytic RBC, macro-ovalocytes, and hypersegmented neutrophils |
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Definition
|
|
Term
When do neuropathies begin in DM?
Which size of neurons are affected first?
How does the progression of DM neuropathy progress and caused by?
MC neurons affected?
Sensory disturbance pattern? |
|
Definition
1. Pre DM period
2. Longest neurons first
3. Begins as sensory with vibratory/propioception sense->pain/light touch->total loss->motor progression begins in the same way
4. Due to neuronal ischemia
5. Involvment of sensory and autonomic nerves
6. Terrible pain->Peripheral nerves (symmetric) / Truncal(thoracoabdominal neuropathy)-> intercostal or lumbar nerves that co-exist with motor neuropathy of the legs |
|
|
Term
Diabetic neuropathyies:
Involve which nerves
Associated with...
Tx |
|
Definition
1. sensory and autonomic nerves associated with terrible pain
2. Motor neuropathy-> weakness of muscles
3. Tx with capsaicin/TCA/anticonvulsants-> newer generation anticonvulsants->duloxetine->opioids |
|
|
Term
| Pt with: distal symmetric sensory polyneuropathy, slowly evolving and presenting with symptomatic encephalopathy and myelopathy |
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Definition
| Lyme dz caused by B. burgodorferi |
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Term
Pt with: very painful maculopapules evolving into vesicles and pustules. Pain is severe and has preceded a rash. Has extended from the dorsal root ganglion.
MC spinal roots found in?
Labs
Tx(onset and post dz) |
|
Definition
1. Shingles- reactivation of varicella virus (HHV 3)
(Thoracic and lumbar regions)
2. HIV/RPR to r/o
3. acyclovir/valcyclovir is within 48h of onset
NSAID
Corticosteroid
Post herpatic neuralgia--> gabapentin/amytriptyline/pregamblin |
|
|
Term
| Varicella zoster on the tip of nose has involvement of which nerve? |
|
Definition
| Opthalmic division of CN V |
|
|
Term
Pure pandysautonomia=
D/o that can affect any level of the motor unit; lower motor neuron deficit only(examples) |
|
Definition
1. Autonomic neuropathy
2. Pure motor neuropathy- ALS, polio, spinal muscular atrophies, adult variant hexosaminidase, lead, dapsone, suramin intoxication |
|
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Term
| Pt with: decrease vibratory/propioceptive sense/areflexia/ sensory ataxia w/ tingling dysethesia; numbness and cutaneous hypesthesia to pin prick/temperature w/ painful dysethesias; most severe and widespread with poor prognosis w/ likely no recovery; often distal/patchy/multifocal |
|
Definition
Pure sensory neuropathy
Large afferent
Small afferent
Large/small afferent |
|
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Term
1. Plexopathy related to?
2. Observable changes to body structure resulting from denervation, skin breakdown and poor healing |
|
Definition
1. Trauma to brachial/lumbosacral plexus
2. Trophic changes |
|
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Term
When does recovery from neuropathy begin?
How long may this take?
2 major factors affecting the healing process? |
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Definition
1. Only in the peripheral NS-> After metabolic rate returns to normal
2. >= 2 months- years
3. Severity and length of the regeneration |
|
|
Term
Pt with: foot/gait abnormality in childhood. slowly progressive starting as distal leg weakness then spread to the hands and forearms. Dimished/absent reflexes. Axonal loss rather than demyelination. High steppage gait with frequent tripping/ falling
Name
2 Types and definition |
|
Definition
1. Charcot-Tooth-Marie dz
EMG shows:
2. Type I= reduction in motor/sensory conduction velocities
Type II= Motor conduction velocities may be normal while sensory conduction is absent |
|
|
Term
Affect sensory neurons >= 2nd decarde of life. AD dz loss of dorsal root ganglion cells and axons in the peripheral nervous system.
Name
MC form |
|
Definition
1. Hereditary sensory neuropathies
2. HSN type I |
|
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Term
Classically presents with cardiomyopathy. Transthyretin deposition.
Name
Tx |
|
Definition
1. Familial amyloid neuropathy
2. Cardiac transplantation |
|
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Term
Earliest Sx is nightblindness. Also present with retinitis pigmentosa. Elevated levels of phytanic acid
Name
Tx |
|
Definition
1. Refsum's Dz
2. Avoid dietary phytanic acid; plasmaphoresis |
|
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Term
| Pt with: Tachycardia, arrhythmias, HOTN, pulmonary dysfunction, loss of sphincter control, Hx of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis is at risk for what "acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Same Sx as GBS but is a chronic d/o? |
|
Definition
| Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating polyneuropathy |
|
|
Term
Pt with: weakness in the arms, but in tact sensory sensation. High IgM titer at the Nodes of Ranvier. Uncommmon.
Name
Tx |
|
Definition
1. Multifocal Motor Neuropathy
2. Tx w/ high doses of IV Ig-->fails-->cyclophosphamide (glucocorticoids and PE not effective) |
|
|
Term
Pt with: polyarteritis nodosa has an increased risk of developing?
Tx |
|
Definition
Vasculitic Neuropathy
2. corticosteroids and immunosuppresants |
|
|
Term
Pt with: sensory deficit starting in the limbs that has spread to the torso and face. Presenting with encephalomyelitis. Ataxia, psuedoathetosis, atonia. Neuro Sx preceded small cell lung cancer
Name
Tx |
|
Definition
1. Anti-Hu Paraneoplastic Neuropathy
2. Runs its course with residual disability-->refractory to corticosteroids/IV Ig/ Immunosuppresants |
|
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Term
| Group of d/o characterized by: reduced muscle tone, DTR's. Weakness is patchy focusing on one anatomical structure. Usually involves the CN motor in relation to activity. Sensory is not affected at all. |
|
Definition
| Neuro-muscular transmission d/o |
|
|
Term
Pt with: fluctuating weakness, EOM affected first (diplopia/ptosis) spreading to masticatory, facial, pharyngeal/laryngeal muscles then finally the diaphragm, generalized weakness, muscle activity cannot be maintained, Sx are worse at the end of the day.
Name
Pathophsiology
Dx
Tx |
|
Definition
1. Myasthenia Gravis
2. autoimmune-> attack nictotinic ACh receptos->loss of receptor function->thymoma
3. Labs--> ACh receptor AB; PE-->cannot maintain sustained upgaze/repetative blinking
4. ACh-ase inhibitor->Dx and Tx(pyridiostigmine/edrophonium)-->fails-->corticosteroids
Thymectomy- <60y/o |
|
|
Term
Pt with: motor deficit, fatigable proximal weakness, DTR absent, muscle faciculations. pt also has small cell lung cancer.
Name
Pathophys
Dx
Tx |
|
Definition
1. Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
2. autoimmune directed towards Ca gated channels
3. Labs:elevated anti-voltage channel AB titers
4. ID underlying malignancy
Corticosteroids/ azathioprine/ IV Ig/ plasmapheresis is useless
Use Diaminopyridine |
|
|
Term
Pt with: Hx of open soil contaminated wound/canning own food. weakness ~1-2days post wound/consumption. double/blurred vision/lid lag(ptosis). normal reflexes. normal sensory PE.
Name
Pathophys
Dx
Tx |
|
Definition
1. Botulism->particular concern <1y/o not eating/constipation/ FTT
2. Prevents ACh release at NMJ-->faster the resopnse=greater concentration of exposure
3. Lab: botulism toxin-->types A, B, E
4. hospitalized->ventilator
Trivalent antitoxin |
|
|
Term
Pt with: Sx similar to botulism w/ a Hx of Gentimicin use
Name
Who should avoid these medications? |
|
Definition
1. Aminoglycoside associated d/o
2. Hx of neuromuscular transmission d/o->bell's palsy/MG |
|
|
Term
Pt with: open wound/puncture. hyperactivity leading to increased muscle tone, spasms, rigidity, dysphagia/laryngeal spasms, facial contortion, Opisthotonis -hyperextended posture. Trismus.
Name
Difference b/t extremity and facial introduction
Pathophys
Dx
Tx
Prognosis |
|
Definition
1. Lock Jaw-->C. tetani
2. Extremities= retrograde transmission to spinal cord along motor nerves
Face/Head= access through brainstem to the motor nerves
Vascular access to skeletal muscles->affect motor nerves
3. Interfere w/ the release of GABA->inhibatory NT->spasticity
4. Wound cultures; CK elevation; myoglobinuria
5. Debridement->booster (>5yr past)->tetanus Ig if high risk->Hospitalize->Metronidazole/PCN + Diazepan and chlorpromazine for spasms
6. Mortality up to 60%-->those that recover have no long term consequences |
|
|
Term
Pt with: bilateral muscle weakness, erythmotous/violacious papules over the extensor surfaces of the MCP/IP region(?) and heliotrope rash, Black males, 5th/6th decade of life. NO FACIAL/OCULAR MUSCLE WEAKNESS. Dusky red rash affecting the face, neck, shoulders, upper chest and back.(?)
Name
Dx |
|
Definition
Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis
2. elevated CK, muscle bx, EMG, MRI
3. Gottron's Sign
Shawl= dusky red rash affecting the face, neck, shoulders, upper chest and back. mimics SLE |
|
|
Term
Nerve agent prophylaxis?
MoA?
Protects aceylcholinesterase from degradation by irrversibly binding by nerve agent |
|
Definition
1. Pyridostigmine bromide
2. hides/protects AChE from Nerve agent destruction
3. Pralidoxime= 2 PAM chloride |
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