Term
| What composes the limbic system? |
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Definition
Hippocampal formation; three layered structure
-Hippocampus
-Dentate gyrus
-Subiculum
-Entorhinal cortex
-Amygdala
-Septal nuclei
-Cingulate gyrus (main cortical area) |
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Term
| What are the connections of the limbic to other systems? |
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Definition
Connected to thalamic and hypothalamic structures;
-Ant. & dorsomedial nuc.
-Mammillary bodies
-Cingulate gyrus is main cortical projection
-Also connects with olfactory system (smell & memory) |
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Term
| What is the overall function of the limbic system? |
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Definition
-Memory and learning center
-Sex drive
-Emotions & behavior
-Smell |
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Term
| Where does Alzheimers disease begin? What kind of memory loss do we get? Buzzwords? |
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Definition
-In the **hippocampus (particularly in the CA3 and entorhinal cortex portion)
-Get **anterograde amnesia (no new memory) the earliest
-Often see aphasia also
-*Neurofibrillary tangles
-*Amyloid plaques
-*Down syndrome (chrom 21 is often defective) |
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Term
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Definition
-Can't talk
-Wernicke's area involvement (back of the temporal lobe) |
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Term
| Korsakoff memory loss involves..? Starts as..? Structures? Treatment? |
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Definition
Wernicke encephalopathy - same symptoms as drunkenness basically; ocular palsies, confusion, gait ataxia--> progresses to Korsakoff
-Anterograde & *retrograde amnesia (leads to confabulations)
-***Mammillary bodies
-From thiamine def.
-Treat with thiamine and *then glucose |
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Term
| What is special about the olfactory nerves? Destination? Three olfactory lesion types? |
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Definition
-No sensory ganglion (scattered)
-Neurons are constantly renewed
-*No thalamic relay
-Temporal lobe and amygdala
-Hyposmia (incomplete)
-Dysosmia (distorted)
-Anosmia (gone) |
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Term
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Definition
-Kallmann synd.
-GnRH cells start out in bulb
-Calls for LH and FSH-->sterility when gone |
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Term
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Definition
-Hippocampus---(fornix)--->Mammilary body
-Mammilary body---(mammilothalamic tr.)--->Ant. nuc.
-Ant. nuc. of thalamus---(ant. limb)--->Cingulate gyrus
-Cingulate gyrus---(cingulum or entohinal cortex)-->
-See 476 |
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Term
| What is the big purpose of the amygdala? |
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Definition
| -Attaches emotional significance to stimuli, i.e. emotional response to memory |
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Term
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Definition
-From *bilateral lesions of **amygdala **hippocampus (may say bilateral ant. temporal lesions)
-**Placidity; passive, emotionless, no fear response
-**Hypersexuality; masturbation in public, objects, etc.
-*Oral exploratory behavior and dietary changes
-*Anterograde amnesia
-*Hypermetamorphosis; irresistible impulse to notice and react to everything within sight as if new, even when old |
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