Term
| What pathology will pts often describe as "the worst headache of their life"? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does subarachnoid hemorrhage appear on CT? |
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Definition
| Hyperdensity (white) in sulci & fissures, typically over cerebral convexity (where brain meets bone) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) Trauma 2) ruptured aneurysm |
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Term
| Causes of subdural hematoma (SDH)? |
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Definition
| Deceleration and acceleration or rotational forces that tear bridging veins |
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Term
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Definition
| Crescent shaped, very dense (white)- hypodense areas within may indicate active bleeding |
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Term
| MC cause of epidural hematoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| CT features of epidural hematoma? |
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Definition
| Hyperdense biconvex mass. It is usually uniformly high density but may contain hypodense foci due to active bleeding. |
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Term
| Cause of diffuse axonal injuries? |
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Definition
"Shear" injuries
Acceleration, deceleration and rotational forces cause portions of the brain with different densities to move relative to each other resulting in the deformation and tearing of axons. |
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Term
| DAI clinical presentation? |
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Definition
| Loss of consciousness almost always present |
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Term
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Definition
May appear normal
May appear as ill-defined areas of high density or hemorrhage in characteristic locations
Petechial hemorrhages
Decreased attenuation of gray-white matter due to edema |
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Term
| Characteristic locations of DAI? |
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Definition
- Subcortical white matter
- Posterior limb internal capsule
- Corpus callosum
- Dorsolateral midbrain |
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Term
| Characteristics of subacute subdural hematoma |
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Definition
Compression of the lateral ventricle on the side of the hematoma.
Effaced sulci.
White matter buckling.
Thick cortical mantle. |
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Term
| Which type of stroke is more common: hemorrhagic or ischemic? |
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Definition
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Term
| MC cause of cerebral hemorrhage? |
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Definition
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Term
| MC location of hypertensive hemorrhage? |
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Definition
| Deep structures: thalamus, pons, basal ganglia (intraventricular invasion = poor prognosis) |
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Term
| What is a lacunar infarction? |
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Definition
| walls of small arteries thicken and cause the occlusion of the artery |
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Term
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Definition
- Presence or absence of hemorrhage. Dense middle cerebral artery or a dense basilar artery, which corresponds to thrombus in the affected vessel. There are also more subtle changes of acute ischemia due to edema which include the following:
- Obscuration of the lentiform nuclei
- Loss of insular ribbon
- Loss of gray/white distinction
- Sulcal effacement |
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Term
| Which is better at detecting acute brain hemorrhage: CT or MRI? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which scan is better at picking up tumors or masses? |
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Definition
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Term
| Indications for contrast CT? |
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Definition
Infection
Tumor (mets)
Angiogram looking for aneurysm, thrombosis or dissection |
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Term
| what is almost always indicated by opacification of the mastoid sinuses? |
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Definition
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Term
| MC vessel ruptured in epidural hematoma? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Papilledema indicating increased intracranial pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| unilateral mydriasis on side of hemorrhage |
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Term
| Biggest concern w/ herniation? |
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Definition
| Brainstem herniates down into spinal cord- compression- decreased respiration |
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Term
| Characteristics of glioblastoma on CT? |
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Definition
| Necrosis and irregular enhancement |
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Term
| Appearance of brain abscess on CT? |
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Definition
Hypodense region, possibly w/ air
"Ring enhancement" |
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Term
| Appearance of ischemic region on CT? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two types of cerebral edema and their causes? |
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Definition
Vasogenic- malignancy & infection
Cytotoxic- cerebral ischemia |
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Term
| T/F: calcified choroid plexus is normal |
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Definition
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Term
| Types of MRI images and their clinical significance? |
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Definition
T1 weighted images: good at differentiating b/w solid and cystic structures
T2 weighted images: better at portraying pathologic changes |
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