Term
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Definition
| a. Compression of superior colliculus due to tumor in adjacent pineal gland b. paralysis of upward gaze in both eyes c. pupils are sluggishly reactive to light – loss of pupillary light reflex d. bilateral interactions to FEFs → riMLF → OMN & Trochlear nuclei → CN III & VI |
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Term
| Lateral Medullary (Wallenberg’s) Syndrome |
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Definition
| a. contralateral loss of pain and temperature from the body (AL system) b. ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature from the face (spinal trigeminal nucleus) c. vertigo and nystagmus (vestibular nuclei) d. loss of taste from the ipsilateral half of the tongue (nucleus solitarius) e. hoarseness and dysphagia (nucleus ambiguus and CNs 9 and 10) |
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Term
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Definition
a. outward deviation of affected eye
b. CN IV (Superior Oblique) and VI (Lateral Rectus) dominate = Down and Out
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Term
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Definition
double vision; occurs anytime eyes are not aligned
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Term
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Definition
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i. eyelid drooping
ii. lack of innervation to levator palpebrae
iii. compensate by wrinkling frontalis muscle (forehead)
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Term
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Definition
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i. Loss of parasympathetics to iris sphincter m, which control pupillary constriction
ii. pupillary dilation: unopposed sympathetic innervation to iris radius mm
iii. Loss of Pupillary Light Reflex
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Term
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Definition
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i. Affecting Red Nucleus, lesion extending dorsally. (compare to Weber’s syndrome)
ii. ipsilateral ophthalmoplegia (III)
iii. contralateral hemiparesis (CST)
iv. contralateral paralysis of lower face, tongue, shoulder (CBT)
v. contralateral ataxia (rubrospinal tract)
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Term
| Anterior alternating hemiplegia (Weber's syndrome) |
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Definition
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a. CNIII: Ipsilateral ophthalmoplegia. Affects cerebral peduncle & CN III rootlets on same side.
b. Corticospinal tract: Contralateral hemiparesis (CST crosses caudal medulla at pyr decussation)
c. Corticobulbar fibers affected:
i. CNVII: contralateral lower face paralysis, no atrophy
ii. CN XII: tongue deviation to weak side (same side as ophthalmoplegia)
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