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| Study oh how complex properties of the brain allow behavior to occur. Study brain by examining behavior. |
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| First early doctrine, that behaviors only partially controlled by logical forces, also controlled by non chemical processes |
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The second early doctrine that that logical forces like matter control brain-behavior function.
-Veiw that brain is machine like. |
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| Early surgical procedure that removes bone from skull to relieve brain swelling. |
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| Cortical Localization Theory Cannot Explain... And Those who supported it |
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1. Recovery of function in damaged areas
2. Similar Effects of Damage to Diff areas
-Supporters: Gall, Broca, Wernicke |
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| Equipotentiality Theory cannot explain... and supporters |
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-Loss of specific functions
-Failure to recover functions
-Double Dissociation - Skills lost from damage to one region, but not another.
-Also used many small animals, not great models for comparing to human brain
-Supporters: Flourens, Marie, Lashley |
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| Transaxial/ horizontal/axial |
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| Commonly used terms.. What do Gen, Cyte, Cephal, Caud, A or An mean? |
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-Gen: Begining
-Cyte: Cell
-Caud: Tail
-Cephal: Head
-A: Not |
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Directions and Locations
-Lateral-Medial
-Ipsilateral-Bilateral-Contralatera
-Anterior-Posterior
-Rostral-Caudal
-Afferent-Efferent
-Proximal-Distal |
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-Lateral:move outside, Medial: move inside
-Ipsilateral: same side, Bilateral: both sides, Contralateral: Opposite
-Anterior: Front, Posterior: back
-Rostral: Head, Caudal: tail (talking about brain)
-Afferent: to CNS, Efferent: Away from CNS
-Proximal: Near, Distal: Far
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| -Striped nerve cells and axonal pathways |
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| -Bundles of axons, myelin sheath is white fatty substance |
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| Neuropsychological Examination |
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Brief assessment of basic functions. Focus on assessment of higher functions (e.g., memory, language, attention). Uses standardized, normed tests and clinical observation. Performed by a Ph.D. with training.
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Focuses on reflexes, cranial nerves, sensation, and movement. Also a brief assessment of higher functions including memory, language, and attention through conversation. Observation and clinical judgment are used, requiring experience. They are performed by an M.D. with post-doctoral training in Neurology
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Goal is to observe behavior and correlate it with brain damage. Correlation of brain injury or lesion with changes in behavioral functions. Dissection is used after death. Brain injury studies with humans cannot control for extraneous subject variables.
-Clinical: Galen Hippocrates observed many injured people
-Wernicke and Broca observed patients for correlations b/w brain and behavior
-Animal: Flourens, Lashley
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Type of imaging technique
-Cheaper, looks at blow flow towards edges of the brain |
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| What is Bright/Dark in normal brain using CT scan? and abnormal |
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Bright: Dense bone, Bleed
Dark: Air, Fat, Water, Plaque, Tumor, Infarct |
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| What is dark/bright in normal brain with MRI T2 and abnormal |
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Bright: Fat, Water
Dark: Dense Bone, Air
-Abnormal: White
-Gray matter: white, White matter: dark |
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Dark/bright normal brain T1?
and abnormal |
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Dark: Dense bone, Air, Water
Bright: Fat
Abnormal: Dark
Gray Matter: gray, White matter: white |
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