Term
| What cranial nerves exit each area of the brainstem |
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Definition
Midbrain: III, IV
Pons: V, VI, VII, VIII
Medulla: IX, X |
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Term
| What is the blood supply to each of the brainstem areas and the Cerebellum |
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Definition
Midbrain: PCA, PCOM, Basilar
Pons: Basilar, SCA, AICA, Penetrating
Cerebellum: SCA, AICA, PICA
Medulla: PICA, Anterior and Posterior Spinal |
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Term
| What are the functional roles of the different areas of the Cerebellum? |
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Definition
Flocculonodular: Vestibular/Equilibrium
Anterior Lobe: Posture
Posterior Lobe: Coordination |
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Term
| What is the Chiari Malformation |
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Definition
| Displacement of Brainstem and cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum |
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Term
| What is locked-in syndrome and how does it typically occur? |
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Definition
Paralysis of arms, legs, and face
Basilar artery occlusion affecting ventral pons |
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Term
| What is weber's syndrome and how does it occur |
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Definition
Contralateral Hemiparesis(Cerebral Peduncle) and Ipsilateral 3rd nerve Palsy
Occlusion of the Top of the basilar artery affecting midbrain |
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Term
| What are the signs of Wallenberg's Syndrome and how does it occur |
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Definition
Lateral Medulla
Ipsilateral V
Vestibular nuclei: nausea, vomiting, nystgamus
IX and X Palsy
Spinothalamic: Contalateral pain and temp loss on body
Descending Sympathetics: Horner's
Cerebellum: Spinocerebellar tract-Ataxia
Cause: PICA or Vertebral Artery Stroke
Dx: Contralateral body and ipsilateral sensory loss |
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Term
| What are the common tumors of the brainstem |
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Definition
Glioma
Ependymoma
Medulloblastoma
Carcinomatosis |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of the Dandy-Walker Malformation |
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Definition
Agenesis of Cerebellar vermis
Large posterior fossa
Dilation of 4th ventricle
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Term
| What are common toxins affecting the cerebellum |
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Definition
Alcohol and Anti-epileptics(Phenytoin)
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Term
| What is an extreme treatment of a severe cerebellar stroke |
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Definition
| Cerebellar hemispherectomy |
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Term
| What are Anti-Yo antibodies |
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Definition
| Paraneoplastic anti-bodies from gynecological neoplasms causing cerebellar purkinje degeneration |
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Term
| What are the signs of a AICA stroke and a SCA stroke |
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Definition
SCA: Unilateral Ataxia
AICA: Some Ataxia, Unilateral Hearing loss |
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