Term
| What are the theories of aging |
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Definition
Evolutionary:
Antagonistic Pleiotrophy- genes advantageous in youth are detrimental later on
Disposable Soma- resources toward reproduction over repair
Molecular: Oxidative Stress-organ and mito damage, DNA and Gene expression- mutations, telomeres, less gene induction |
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Term
| What is homeostenosis and how does it affect the elderly? |
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Definition
Decrease in homeostatic responsiveness to pathologic stressors
Manifests as multiple organ system disease from the impact of disease on a specific system |
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Term
| What are the most common side effects of medications seen in the geriatric patient |
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Definition
CNS effects
Anticholinergic: Orthostasis, Constipation, Urinary retention |
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Term
| What are the 3 most common misused drug classes of the elderly? |
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Definition
Benzodiazepines
NSAIDS
Anti-histamines |
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Term
| What are the instrumental and basic activities of daily living? |
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Definition
Basic:
Bathing
Dressing
Toileting
Eating
Grooming
Transferring
Instrumental:
Personal Finances
Cooking/Cleaning
Driving
Shopping
Managing Meds
Telephone use |
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Term
| What are the two most common causes of dementia |
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Definition
Alzheimer's
Vascular Dementia |
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Term
| What is Mild Cognitive Impairment and how does it typically present? |
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Definition
Transitional stage before the presentation of alzheimer's dementia
Memory loss w/o full dementia |
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Term
| What is the best test for mild cognitive impairment? |
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Definition
| Verbal fluency tests: Categoric(better), Phenomic |
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Term
| How is the verbal fluency tests conducted and what are some biases of them |
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Definition
One minute to name as many animals(threshold is 12) or words that start with the letter F(threshold 15)
Limitations: Skewed toward educated, literate people |
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Term
| How is the mini-cognitive test performed what are the limitations and uses? |
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Definition
Test
Patient given 3 words to remember
Then Draw a clock reading 10 past 11
Then asked to recite the 3 words
Use
Quick Dementia Assessment
Limitations
Does not evaluate language impairment |
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Term
| What is the use and the limitations of the mini-cognitive assessment? |
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Definition
Good initial screen for dementia
Limitations: doesn't pick up language impairment |
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Term
| Why is the Geriatric depression screen used in the cognitive evaluation for dementia and how is it done? |
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Definition
Included bc depression can mimic mild dementia
Logistics: 5, 15, or 30 question questionaire evaluated based on positive responses to indications of depression |
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Term
| What is the most common cause patient errors |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of activities of daily living do OP and PTs aim to improve? |
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Definition
PT: Basic Daily
OP: Instrumental daily activities |
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Term
| What are some DME(durable medical equipment prescribed by OTs |
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Definition
Adaptive Equipment
Shower seating
Toilet adjustment |
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