Term
| What are the three types of glia in the brain? |
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Definition
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia |
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Term
| On the light microscope, how would you identify the axon of a neuron? |
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Definition
| It will be the area that doesn't have Nissl bodies |
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Term
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Definition
| It is referred to as "age pigment" and is the end product of lysosome degradation products. |
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Term
| What is the primary type of neuron found in the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the layers of cells in gray matter from the outside working in |
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Definition
Molecular layer
Purkinje layer
Granular layer |
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Term
| Describe a perkinje cell's appearance as seen on the light microscope |
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Definition
| They have large cell bodies with many dendrites that extend into the molecular layer |
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Term
| Describe the relationship of gray and white matter in the cerebrum and the spinal cord |
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Definition
In the spinal cord, white matter surrounds an inner core of gray matter.
In the cerebrum it is gray matter surrounding the white matter. |
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Term
| Which protein facilities anterograde transport in neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which protein facilitates retrograde transport in neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is retrograde transport potentially harmful? |
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Definition
| Viruses can use it to get access to the CNS |
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Term
| What is the function of astrocytes? |
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Definition
| They form the tight junctions that make up the blood brain barrier. They also provide nourishment to neurons and contribute to the turnover/metabolism of neurotransmitters. |
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Term
| What are the function of oligodendrocytes? |
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Definition
| They form the myelin sheathes around neurons in the CNS only. One oligodendrocyte is capable of wrapping around multiple neurons |
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Term
| What is the function of microglia? |
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Definition
| They are phagocytic cells that respond to any damage to the brain |
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Term
| From what cell line are microglia derived? |
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Definition
| Monocytes from the bone marrow. |
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Term
| What forms the myelin sheath in the PNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the spaces between schwann cells called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common form of Gullain-Barre syndrome? |
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Definition
| Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. It is when there is an autoimmune response to schwann cell membranes. |
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Term
| Which cells interface with epithelial cells in the CNS? |
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Definition
| Astrocytes. In doing so, they make the blood brain barrier. |
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Term
| What cells line the ventricles? |
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Definition
Ependyma (which are similar to epithelium)
They are ciliated and have microvilli to absorb absorb or produce Cerebrospinous fluid (CSF) |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a collection of nerve cell bodies |
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Term
| What is the epineurium and what type of tissue makes it up? |
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Definition
| It is a covering of an entire nerve. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. |
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Term
| What is the perieneurium and what type of tissue makes it up |
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Definition
| It is the covering of a nerve fascicle, a concentric bundle of nerve tissue. The perineurium is specialized connective tissue. |
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Term
| What is the endonerureum and what type of tissue makes it up? |
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Definition
| It surrounds a nerve fiber, and it is made of loose connective tissue. |
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Term
| What are the identifying features of a nerve in longitudinal section on light microscopy? |
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Definition
| They have a wavy appearance. If the epineurium is present, it will stain darkly. The wavy structures that resemble fibers are actually axons. |
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Term
| What are satellite cells and where are they found? |
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Definition
| They are the supportive cells of the PNS. They are only found in the PNS. |
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Term
| What are the distinguishing features of nerves from ganglia cut in cross section? |
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Definition
| You will see the roundness of the cell bodies. Some will have visible nuclei and a nucleolus. Satellite cells will surround the cell bodies. |
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Term
| What is wallerian degeneration? |
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Definition
| It is when part of a nerve fiber is cut or crushed. The tissue anterograde to the injury will degenerate. |
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Term
| What cells proliferate after damage to a nerve in the PNS? |
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Definition
| Schwann cells multiply and attempt to create a path for the axon to regrow. |
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