Term
| What is the smallest organ system in terms of weight, yet most complex? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the divisions of the Centeral Nervous system and function |
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Definition
Brain
Spinal COrd
Responsible for integrating, processing and cordinating sensory input and motor output
Higher functions, intelligence, memory, learning and emotion |
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Term
| Describe peripheral nervous system function |
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Definition
| includes all neural tissue outside of the CNS; provides sensory information to the CNS ; carries motor commands from the CNS to the peripheral tissue and systems. |
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Term
| What are the two subdivisions of the PNS? |
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Definition
Afferent Division
Efferent Division |
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Term
| Describe the Peripheral nervous system -afferent division |
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Definition
Begins at receptors that monitor specific characteristics of the enviroment
-Brings sensory information to the CNS
-Receptor may be a dentrite, a specialized cell or cluster of cells, or a complex sense organ |
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Term
| Describe the PNS Receptors (3)? |
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Definition
1.special- provides sensations of smell, vision, balance, hearing, etc..
2.Somatic- monitor the outside world and our position in it-Skin, sketetal muscles and joints
Visceral-monitors internal conditions and organ system Organs of cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems |
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Term
| List examples of somatic and visceral receptors |
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Definition
Noriceptors
thermoreceptors
mechanorecptors
Chemorecptors |
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Term
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Definition
| Responds to potientally damaging stimuli, pain receptors (thermal, mechanical, chemical) |
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Term
| Describe thermoreceptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe Mechanoreceptors |
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Definition
| responds to mechanical pressure or distortion (skin) |
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Term
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Definition
| detects chemical stimuli in the enviroment |
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Term
| PNS-Efferent Division-Begins? Carries command to? Consists of what two systems? |
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Definition
Begins at the CNS and ends at the effector (muscle cell, gland, or other cells that are specialized to perform a specific function.
carries motor commands to muscles and glands>
Consists of 2 systems
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system. |
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Term
| Describe the somatic nervous system? |
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Definition
Controls skeletal muscle
voluntary or involuntary
Example: place your hand on a hot stove, remove your hand, before you notice the pain (reflexes) |
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Term
| Describe components of the autonomic nervous system |
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Definition
Autonomic nervous system (regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands)
usually involuntary
further divided into 2 divisions
+Parasympathetic nervous system- rest and digest
+ Sympathetic nervous system-fight or flight |
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Term
| dESCRIBE THE DENDRITE FUNCTION |
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Definition
| stimulated by enviroment changes or the activites of other cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains the nucleus, mitochondria, ribsomes and other organelles and inclusions |
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Term
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Definition
| conducts nerve impulses (action potiental) toward synaptic terminals |
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Term
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Definition
| affect another neuron or effector organ (muscle or gland) |
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Term
| Describe 3 types of synapses |
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Definition
Neuron-neuron juction
neuromuscular junction
neuroglandular juction |
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Term
| Describe Synaptic transmission chemical |
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Definition
action potiental arrives at the terminal bouton and triggers bouton and triggers exocytosis of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic membrane
The NT diffuses across the synaptic cleft
The NT binds to receptor on the postsynaptic membrane
Binding intiates a change in the permeability of the postsynaptic cell membrane so that the cell is either more excitied (promotes the generation of action potiental) or inhibited (reduces the generation of action potientals |
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Term
| describe the function and classification of neurons |
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Definition
approximately 10 million sensory neurons in the body. most are pseudounipolar neurons with their cell bodies located outside the CNS
- Have a continous dendritic and axonal process, cell body lies to one side.
Function delivers information to the CNS (form the afferent division of the PNS) |
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Term
| Describe the 3types of receptors of sensory neurons |
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Definition
1.Exteroceptors-provide information about the external enviroment (touch temperature, pressure light smell)
2. Proprioceptors- Monitor the position and movement of sketetal muscles and joints
3. Interreceptors- monitor the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary and reporductive system |
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Term
| Information from exteroceptors and prorioceptors are carried by ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Information from interoceptors is carried by ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe Divergence Neural organization and processing |
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Definition
spread of information from one neuron to several neurons
Permits broad distribution of information (Like a pyramid) |
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Term
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Definition
Found between sensory and motor neurons
Located entirely within the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| Describe Convergence neural organization and processing |
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Definition
Information from several neurons synapse on the same neuron
Allows variable control over single neurons
Example -movement of the diaphram |
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Term
| Describe Serial Processing organization |
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Definition
Information is relayed in a stepwise sequence
aoften with sensory information
Ex-when sensory information is relayed from one processing center to another in the brain. Like running a relay or race-one step and then another |
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Term
| Describe parallel processing |
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Definition
Several neurons are processing the same information at the same time
allows for different responses to occur simulaneously Example stepping on sharp object.
You should withdraw your foot, shift your weight, move your arms, feel pain and shout at the dame time. |
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Term
| reverbation neural processing |
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Definition
positive feedback
continues to function until inhibition or synaptic fatigue break the cycle. |
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Term
| Location of schwan cells? |
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Definition
| Form the covering around the peripheral axons |
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Term
| Satelite cells? Location and function |
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Definition
Location: Located in the ganglia
(cluster of cell bodies)
Function: Regulate exchange ofnutrients and waste between cell bodies and extracellular fluid |
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Term
| Epenendymal cells are located? |
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Definition
| They Line the ventricles of the brain and spinal cord where they secrete and monitor cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
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Term
| What are the function of the Microglia cells |
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Definition
| Phagocytize waste products, cellular debris, and pathogens. |
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Term
| Function of oligodendrocytes |
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Definition
Tie clusters of axons together
wrap axons in myelin
phosphlopid that insulate axons and increases the speed that nerve impulses are conducted (white matter) |
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Term
| Describe function of astrocytes? |
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Definition
Largest and most numerous
maintain the blood brain barrier
selective pereable to different ions, hormones, chemicals, drugs, etc..
designed to protectthe CNS
Repairs damaged neural tissue
guides neuron development
controls intersticial fluid make up by absorbing and recylingneurotransmitters |
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Term
| Describe anatomical organization of PNS gray matter |
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Definition
| ganglion collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS |
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Term
| Describe the white matter in PNS |
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Definition
| Nerves-bundles of axons in PNS |
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Term
| Describe Gray matter anatomical organization CNS |
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Definition
Gray matter on surface of brain-
nuclei collection of neuron cell bodies in the interior of CNS |
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Term
| Describe white matter anatomical organization of CNS |
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Definition
| Tracts bundles of CNS, axons that share a common organization and destination |
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Term
| describe motor neurons and functions |
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Definition
Multipolar neurons
form the efferent division of the PNS
Approximately half a million in body
Function- stimulates or modifies the activity of a perpherial tissue, organ or organ system |
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Term
| Describe two types of motor neurons |
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Definition
1. somatic motor neurons-innervate sketal muscle
2. Visceral motor neurons-found in autonomicnervous system- innervate peripheral effectors other than sketal muscles |
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