Absolute justice is an eyewitnesses's process of deciding, when looking at a sequential lineup, whether any of the people shown in the lineup match the perpetrator

Archival analysis is a method of data collection that involves examination of previously-decided issues and cases

Autobiographic memory is the memory that one has from one's own life experiences

A cognitive interview is a procedure used to assist victims to recall aspects of a crime or other traumatic event

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for information that confirms one's suspicions

The confrontation clause is the part of the 6th amendment that guarentees defendants the right to confront their accusors

Content analysis is the scientific analysis of the content of a conversation or discussion

Dissociation is the act of a person "escaping" from a taurmatic events by detaching him or herself from it

Double-blind testing procedures are experimental procedures in which both the participant and the experimenter are unaware of the particular conditions being tested

Ecological validity states that the methods, materials and setting of the study must approximate the real-life phenomena being investigates

Encoding is the process of enterign a perception into memory

Estimator variables are the factors that are beyond the control of the justice system and whose impact on the reliability of the eyewitness system can only be estimated

Experimental methodology is the rule of thumb that when testing a new independant variable, the other variable be controlled in some manner to prevent false results

Experimenter bias is an experimenter's influence on the results of a research study

Ground truth is a clear-cut criterion of accuracy

In-group/out-group differences is when an in group shares a common identity and sense of belonging while the out-group lacks these traits. Eyewitness identification is easier within the same in-group

Interviewer bias is the bias that is sometimes exhibited by an interviewer who has some knowledge or preconceived ideas about the topic in question

Open-ended questions are types of questions that do not specify or restrict the answers to be given; rather, the respondents are being prompted to suggest their own ideas or thoughts for answers

The other-race effect is the tendency of people to less-accurately recognize the faces of people of another race

A photographic lineup is a display of photographs of potential suspects that police often ask an eyewitness to examine to identify a suspect

 A photospread is a display of photographs of potential suspects that polcie often ask an eyewitness to examine to identify a suspect

A postdiction variable is a variable that does not directly affect the reliability of identification but is rather a measure of some process that correlates with reliability

Postevent information are the details about an events to which an eyewitness is exposed after the event has occurred

Relative judgment is an eyewitness's process of deciding, when looking at a simultaneous lineup, which of the people shown in the lineup looks most like the perpetrator

Repression is the removal of certain unpleasant thoughts or memories into the unconscious

Retrieval is the process in which a memory is returned to a conscious state

Sequential presentation is a lineup presentation in which the choices are shown one at a time

Simultaneous presentation is a lineup presentation in which all choices are shown at the same time

Social influence is the influence of other people and the social context on behavior

Source confusion is the confusion about the origin of a memory

Storage is the phase of the memory process reffering to the retention of informaiton

Suggestive questions are questions which lead the respondent to either frame their answers one way or deceive their memory and give potentially misconstrued accounts of events that occurred

A system variable is, in eyewitness identifications, a variable whose impact on an identification can be controlled by criminal justice system officials. Examples include the way that a lineup is presented and the way that a witness is questioned

Unconscious transferance is the generation of a memory that is based on the recall of several past occurrences so that an innocent person may be confused with an offender

The weapon focus effect occurs when confronted by an armed person, the victim's tendency to focus attention on the weapon and fails to notice other stimuli

Eyewitnesses can be framed by suggestive questioning and can affected by the weapon focus effect. Encoding, storage and retrieval are all points in the memory process in which memories can be forgotten or misconstrued. Estimator variables, system variables and postduction variables can also affect memory

Jurors tend to rely too heavily on testimony from eyewitnesses. Some judges therefore permit testimony from professional psychologists as to the potential problems with eyewitnesses while some judges will issue a cautionary statement to jurors

Memories of trauma are sometimes repressed and later recalled but people can, in fact, create memories from experiences and blend them together. Things like suggestive questioning can lead to such false memories and can potentially lead to lawsuits by therapists who used such practices