The E. Coli genome is about 5MB long

The average E. coli protein consists of about 300 amino acids

A plasmid that can integrate itself into the chromosome is an episome

A selectable mutation is any sort of mutation which you can artificially affect the further division of parental colonies

A nonsense mutation is a mutation that results in a stop codon where a normal codon should be

A true revertant is an organism whose original mutation was actually mutated completely back by chance. In "true" revertants the first mutation is completely undone by the second and the cell (and any resulting colonies on a plate) will result in normal phenotypes provided there are no other mutations

The LexA protein represses SOS genes needed for DNA repair for things like DNA polymerases

Homologous recombination happens when recombination results in the transfer of homologous genes

Competent cells are cells that can take up DNA and transform themselves according to that new DNA

In generalized tranduction, any old gene can be involved whereas in specialized there is a very specific kind of gene transfer that takes place

An auxotroph is an organism that has developed a nutritional requirement, often as a result of mutation

A cistron is a gene as defined by the cis-trans test; a segment of DNA (or RNA in some cases) that encodes a single polypeptide chain

A heteroduplex is a DNA double helix composed of single strands rom two different DNA molecules

An hfr cell is a cell with the F plasmid integrated into the chromosome

An induced mutation is a mutation caused by external agents such as mutagenic chemicals or radiation

An insertion sequence is the simplest type of transposable element which carries only genes involved in transposition

A mutator strain is a mutant strain in which the rate of mutation is increased

Rolling circle replication is a mechanism of replicating double-stranded circular DNA that starts by nicking and unrolling one strand and using the other (still circular) strand as a template for DNA synthesis

Screening is a procedure that permits the identification of organisms by phenotype or genotype but does not inhibit or enhance the growth of particular phenotypes or genotypes

A transition mutation is one in which a purine is replaced with another purine (guanine to adenine or vice versa) or a pyrimidine is replaced with another pyrimidine (thymine to cytosine or vice versa)

A transposable element is a genetic element with the ability to move (transpose) from one site to another

A transversion mutation occurs when a purine replaces a pyrimidine or vice versa

A wildtype strain is a bacterial strain that is isolated from nature