Term
| If you get a new lens for your microscope with a numerical aperture of 1.2 instead of the old 0.6, did you improve your resolution? By how much? |
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Definition
A higher NA value results in improved resolution. Standard air has an NA value of 1.0 while special oil imersions have values of 1.5 (and these are very high resolution) so an increase in NA is better resolution. You improve the resolution by twice the old value |
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Term
| Why is it easier to see Magnetospirillum bellicus, a purple phhototrophic bacteria, than E. coli under light microscopes? |
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Definition
E. coli has no pigment under normal circumstances so in order to see it under a light microscope it needs to be stained. M. bellicus already contains a purple pigment so it does not need additional staining |
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Term
| How do plasmids differ from chromosomes? |
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Definition
A chromosome in prok cells generally consist of a single circular DNA molecule but plasmids also have small amounts of extra-chromosome DNA called plasmids that confer special properties |
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Term
| Staphylococcus aureus will stain _______ with the traditional Gram stain. |
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Definition
Purple. Gram+ cells will turn purple under
Gram staining, it's just a matter of knowing whether or not the microbe is + or - |
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Term
| Photoautotrophs get their energy from _______ and their carbon from ________. |
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Definition
| Energy: light. Carbon: carbon dioxide |
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Term
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Definition
Archaea is one of the two known domains of prokaryotes |
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Term
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Definition
| An autotrophan is an organism which is able to grow simply by using carbon dioxide and its sole carbon source |
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Term
| What is the micriobiological definition of bacteria? |
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Definition
Bacteria is one of the two known domains of prokaryotes |
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Term
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Definition
The cell wall is a rigid layer present outside of the cytoplasmic membrane that confers structural strength on the cell and protection from osmotic lysis |
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Term
| What is a chemolithotroph? |
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Definition
A chemolithotroph is an organism that obtains its energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds |
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Term
| What is a chemoorganotroph? |
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Definition
A chemoorganotroph is an organism that obtains its energy from the oxidation of organic compounds |
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Term
| What is the definition of a chromosome? |
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Definition
A chromosome is a genetic element containing genes essential to cell function |
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Term
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Definition
| Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic oxygenic phototrophs |
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Term
| What is the cytoplasmic membrane? |
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Definition
| The cytoplasmic membrane is the cell's permeability barrier and it also encloses the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
Endosymbiosis is the process by which mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from descendants of bacteria |
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Term
| What is the microbiological definition of a eukaryote? |
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Definition
A eukaryote is a cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and which usually has other membrane-bound organelles |
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Term
| What is the exact definition of evolution? |
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Definition
Evolution is the change in a line of descent over time leading to new species or variety within a species |
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Term
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Definition
| An extremophile is an organism that grows optimally under one or more environmental extremes |
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Term
| What is the Gram stain and how can you tell if a microbe is Gram + or -? |
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Definition
The Gram stain is a differential staining technique in which cells stain either pink (Gram -) or purple (Gram +) |
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Term
| What are Gram + bacteria? |
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Definition
Gram + bacteria are a major phylogenic lineage of prokaryotic cells that contains mainly peptidoglycan in their cell walls. They stain purple under the Gram stain |
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Term
| What are Gram - bacteria? |
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Definition
| Gram - bacteria are prokaryotic cells that contain an outer membrane and some peptidoglycan in their cell walls (but typically not as much as Gram +). They stain pink under the Gram stain |
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Term
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Definition
A heterotrophan is an organism that requires organic carbon as its carbon source |
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Term
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Definition
Phylogeny is the evolutionary relationships between organisms |
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Term
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Definition
A plasmid is an extrachromosomal genetic element that is not essential for growth |
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Term
| What is the definition of a prokaryote? |
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Definition
A prokaryote is a cell that lacks a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other organelles |
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Term
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Definition
A proteobacteria is a large phylum of bacteria that includes many of the common gram - bacteria such as E. coli |
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Term
| What is the definition of resolution in regards to microscopy? |
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Definition
Resolution is the ability to distinguish two objects as distinct and seperate under the microscope |
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Term
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Definition
A virus is a genetic element that contains either DNA or RNA and replicates in cells. They have an extracellular form |
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