Term
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Definition
| A logical process of combining bits. A bit with a value of 1 plus another bit with a value of 1 results in a 1. A bit with a value of 0 plus any other bit results in a 0. |
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Term
CIDR
Classless Interdomain Routing |
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Definition
| An IP addressing and subnetting method in which network and host information is manipulated without adhering to the limitations imposed by traditional network class distinctions. CIDR is also known as classless routing or supernetting. Older routing protocols, such as RIP, are not capable of interpreting CIDR addressing schemes. |
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Term
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Definition
| In CIDR notation, the number of bits used for an extended network prefix. for example, the designation for this is 199.34.89.0/22 is /22 |
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Term
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Definition
| In CIDR, a method of denoting network ID's and their subnet boundaries. Slash notation takes the form of the network ID followed by a slash (/), followed by the number of bits that are used for the extended network prefix. |
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Term
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Definition
| An IP addressing convention that adheres to network class distinctions, in which the first 8 bits of a class A address, the first 16 bits of a class B address, and the first 24 bits of a class C address are used for network information. |
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Term
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Definition
| A gateway that operates on the internet backbone. |
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Term
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Definition
| The gateway that interprets a device's outbound requests, and then interprets its inbound requets to and from other subnets. In a postal service analogy, the default gateway is similar to a local post office. |
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Term
Dig
Domain Information Groper |
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Definition
| A TCP/IP utility that queries the DNS database and provides information about a host given its IP address or vice versa. Similar to the nslookup utility, but provides more information, even in its simplest form, than nslookup can. |
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Term
DNAT
Dynamic Network Address Translation |
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Definition
| A type of address translation in which a limited pool of internet-valid IP addresses is shared by multiple private network hosts. |
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Term
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Definition
| the combination of an IP address's network ID and subnet information. By interpreting the address's extended network prefix, a device can determine the subnet to which an address belongs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A TCP/IP utility that at its simplest returns either the IP address of a host if its host name is specified or its host name if its IP address is specified. |
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Term
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Definition
| A TCP/IP utility used to show or modify a client's host name |
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Term
ICS
Internet Connection Sharing |
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Definition
| A service provided with Windows operating systems that allows one computer, the ICS host, to share its internet connection with other computers on the same network. |
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Term
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Definition
| On a network using the Microsoft Internet Connection Sharing service, the computer whose internet connection other computers share. The ICS HOST MUST CONTAIN TWO NETWORK INTERFACES: ONE THAT CONNECTS TO THE INTERNET AND ONE THAT CONNECTS TO THE LAN. |
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Term
IMAP
Internet Message Access Protocol |
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Definition
| A mail retrieval protocol that improves on the shortcomings of POP. The single biggest advantage IMAP4 has relative to POP is that it allows users to store messages on the mail server, rather than always having to download them to the local machine. The most current version of IMAP is version 4(IMAP4). |
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Term
IMAP4
Internet Message Access Protocol , version 4 |
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Definition
| The most commonly used form of the Internet Message Access Protocol. |
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Term
MIME
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions |
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Definition
| A standard for encoding and interpreting binary files, images, video, and non-ASCII character sets within an email message. |
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Term
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Definition
| A route discovery and analysis utility that comes with UNIX and Linux operating systems. Combines the functions of the ping and traceroute commands and delivers an easily readable chart as its output. |
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Term
NAT
Network Address Translation |
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Definition
| A technique in which IP addresses used on a private network are assigned a public IP address by a gateway when accessing a public network. |
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Term
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Definition
| A TCP/IP troubleshooting utility that provides information about NetBios names and their addresses. If you know the NetBios name of a workstation, you can use this to determine its IP address. |
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Term
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Definition
| A protocol that runs in the Session and Transport layers of the OSI model and associates NetBios names with workstations. NetBios alone is not routable because it does not contain Network Layer information. However, when encapsulated in another protocol such as TCP/IP, it can be routed. |
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Term
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Definition
| A TCP/IP troubleshooting utility that displays statistics and the state of current TCP/IP connections. It also displays ports, which can signal whether services are using the correct ports. |
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Term
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Definition
| A TCP/IP utility that allows you to look up the DNS host name of a network node by specifying its IP address, or vise versa. This ability is useful for verifying that a host is configured correctly and for troubleshooting DNS resolution problems. |
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Term
PAT
Port Address Translation |
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Definition
| A form of address translation that uses TCP port numbers to distinguish each client's transmission, thus allowing multiple clients to share a limited number of Internet recognized IP addresses. |
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Term
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Definition
| A command-line utility that combines the functionality of the tracert and ping commands (similar to Unix's mtr command) and comes with Windows operating systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| An application layer protocol used to retrieve messages from a mail server. When client retrieves mail via POP, messages previously stored on the mail server are downloaded to the client's workstation, and then deleted from the mail server. |
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Term
POP3
Post Office Protocol version3 |
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Definition
| The most commonly used form of the Post Office protocol. |
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Term
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Definition
| A network whose access is restricted to only clients or machines with proper credentials. |
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Term
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Definition
| A network that any user can access with no restrictions. The most familiar example is the internet. |
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Term
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Definition
| A utility for viewing or modifying a host's routing table. |
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Term
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Definition
| The prefix in an IPv6 address that identifies a route. Because route prefixes vary in length, slash notation is used to define them. For example, the route prefix indicated by 2608:FE10::/32 includes all subntes whose prefixes begin with 2608:FE10 and, consequently, all interfaces whose IP addresses begin with 2608:FE10. |
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Term
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol |
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Definition
| The application layer TCP/IP subprotocol responsible for moving messages from one email server to another. |
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Term
SNAT
Static Network Address Translation |
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Definition
| A type of address translation in which each private IP address is correlated with its own internet-recognized IP address. |
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Term
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Definition
| The 64 bit prefix in an IPv6 address that identifies a subnet. A single IPv6 subnet is capable of supplying 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 IPv6 addresses. |
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Term
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Definition
| In IPv4, a type of subnet that is created by moving the subnet boundary to the left and using bits that normally would be reserved for network class information. |
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Term
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Definition
| A 32 bit number that, when combined with a device's IPv4 address indicates the kind of supernet to which the device belongs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A version of the traceroute utility found on some Linux distributions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A TCP/IP troubleshooting utility that uses ICMP to trace the path from one networked node to another, identifying all intermediate hops between the two nodes. Useful for determining router or subnet connectivity problems. On Windows-based systems, the utility is known as tracert. |
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