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to Issue signals along a network medium (cables) |
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Voltage varies; appears as a wavy line; conveys greater subtleties with less energy; varied and imprecise; susceptible to noise |
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4 properties:
Amplitude (measure of strength; height of wave)
frequency (# cycles from start to finish to start)
wavelengths (distance between points)
phase (wave progress over time)
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| wdm (wavelength division multiplexing) |
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| technology ised with fiber-optic cable; enables 1 cable to carry multi light signals simultaneously |
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composed of precise positive pulses; 0's ands 1's that are called bits; more precise than analog |
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| made of 8 bits; carries 1 piece of information |
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modulates digital signals into analog at transmitting end , then demodulates analog signals into digital at the receiving end |
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| travels in one direction (like a megaphone) |
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travels in both directions (walkie talkie) |
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| both directions over a medium simultaneously (also called bidirectional) (telephone) |
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| distinct communication path between nodes |
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allows muliple signals to travel simultaneously over one medium;
multiplexer at transmitting end and demultiplexer at receiving end |
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