*Stories and legends

*The component of the Talmud that deals with non-legal subjects

*Touches on all facets of life ranging from birth to death to resurrection and branches out into many fields of knowledge

Ammoraim

*Jewish scholars who interpreted the Midrash in Palestine and Babylonia between 200 and 500 AD

*They had legal discussions and debates that were codified in the Gemara 

Apocrypha 

*Writings and books after time of canonization

*Not part of the Bible

*Example: Dead Sea Scrolls 

Babylonian Talmud

*A record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history

*The Central text of Judaism, second to the Hebrew bible

*Written in Arabic

*Edited in 500 CE 

Bet HaKnesset

Bet Hamidrash

*The House of Study

*People learn halacha and study midrash 

Bet Hillel

*School study that was open to new ideas and thoughts

*Had more flexible interpretations 

Bet Shammai

*School of study that interpreted laws more literally

*Strict and prejudiced 

Canonization

*Closing off of the Bible

*Anything written after was not part of the bible 

Cyrus

*King of Persia (559-529 BC)

*Liberated the Jews from Babylonian Exile

Eschatology

*concerned with the final events in the history of the world

*ultimate destiny of humanity

*end of the world 

Exegesis

Ezra & Nehemiah

*Ezra brought the Jews back to Jerusalem

*Nehemiah rebuilt and governed Jerusalem 

Gemara

* One half of the Tamlud

*Rabbinical commentaries

*Analysis of the Mishnah 

Geon/Geonim

*Means genius

*The philosophers in Babilonian yeshivot 

Halachah

*Jewish law

*Literally means, "the path" 

 
Hellenizer

 Hillel

*A man know know for his loose interpretations of the law

*Open to ideas

*Passionate and religious 

 Homily/ Homiletical

*Preached by the ancient sages

*They were wordplays

*They were certain subleties that added to the complexity and created addtional problems 

 Jerusalem Talmud

*Written in Aramaic and Hebrew

*Edited in 400 CE 

 Ketuvim

*One of the sections in the Hebrew Bible

*Means "writings" 

Machloket

 Mesechet

Midrash

*Writing that interprets the torah to fill in any gaps

*Uses aggadah or halachah to interpet things 

Mishna v. mishna

*Mishna is the entire thing, with all the mishnayot

*mishnah is only one lesson inside the Mishna 

Mishne Torah

Nebuchadnezzar

Neviim

*The second division of the Hebrew Bible

*Means, "Prophets" 

Perek

*Means chapter

*Section of Mishnah 

Rabbinnic  Historiography

Rambam (Maimonides)

*A famous Rabbi, physician and philosopher

*He lived in the 12th Century

*Influenced everyone

*His thoughts are the cornerstone of Jewish Study 

 Rav Sa'adiah

Rav Yehudah Ha'nasi 

*Edited the Mishnah

*Born in 10 AD, eighty years after the destruction of the Second Temple 

Rav Yosef Karo

*Scholar living in the middle ages

*A shepard

*Born in Toledo,Spain in 1488 

Remah

(Rav Moshe Isserles) 

*Ashkenazik scholar

*Born in Krakow, Poland in 1525 

Seder

* Means "order"

*An order in the Mishnah 

Shammai

*A man known for his strict interpretations of the law

Sugya

Talmud

* The rabbis' discussions on the Mishna's laws in a series of books

*Mishna and Gemara 

Tanach

*The Collection of the Five Books of Moshe, Neviim, and Ketuvim

*The Hebrew Bible 

Tannaim

Torah Shebealpeh

*Oral Torah

*Not written 

Torah Shebichtav

*The Torah

*The written one 

Torah