SAME

DAVE

S - Sensory

A - Afferent

M - Motor

E - Efferent

D-Dorsal

A- Afferent

V- Ventral

E-Efferent

Somatic - aware of this

Visceral - Not aware

What are the two Divisions of the Nervous System?

Sensory Afferent

Motor Efferent

Somatic Sensory

• Skin, Facia, joints, Skeletal Mus, Special Senses

Visceral Sensory

• Information from vicera (organs)

What are the divisions of the Motor Efferent Nervous System?

Somatic Motor

• Voluntary  
• Skeletal Muscle

Autonomic

• Involuntary
• Cardiac Muscle
• Smooth Muscle
• Glands

Sympathetic

• Fight or Flight

Parasympathetic

      Rest and Digest

Neurons

High Metabolic Rate

    Need Constant O2 and Glucose

Longevitiy

    Live and function for over 100 years

Nonmitotic

    During Fetal Development they lose their abilit

    to divide.

Name and identify the 7 parts of Neuron

Two of these have two names - what is the second name?

1. Dendrites
2. Cell Body - soma
3. Axon Hillock
4. Node of Ravier - Neurofibril Node
5. Axon
6. Myelin Sheath
7. Synaptic knobs

Amitotic - Don't divide

Must live as long as the individual

Cell Body

(4)

1. Called Soma
2. Contains the organelles
3. Comprise the "gray matter"
4. Form clusters in the Peripheral Nervous System called ganglion

Dendrites

(3)

1. Carry impulses toward the cell body
2. Some neurons have one, others have many the more that a cells has, the more impulses it receives
3. Receives input and transfers it to the cell body

Axons

(4)

1. All Neurons have only one Axon
2. Carries impulses away from the cell
3. Transmits its out put to other cells
4. The ends branch into synaptic knobs

Neurons are classified two ways, what are they?

What are the criteria for the classifications?

Structure -Classified according to the number of neuron processes comeing off the cell body.

Function - Classified according to the direction of nerve impules

1. Multipolar
2. Bi polar
3. Unipolar

Multipolar Neurons

(3)

1. Many dendrites
2. One axon
3. i.e. motor neurons

Bipolar Neurons

(3)

1. 2 processes that extend from the cell body
2. i.e. special senses
3. Doesn't include touch

Unipolar Neurons

1. Short process that emerges from cells body and then brances into two
2. i.e. sensory neurons

1. Sensory Afferent - Sensory Receptors - to CNS
2. Motor Efferent - From CNS to muscles or Glands
3. Inter Neurons - Lie between motor and sensory neurons. Entirely confined to CNS

1. What are the 3 Characteristics of Neurons?
2. What are the 3 main Components of Neurons?
3. What are the 2 Classifications of Neurons?
4. What are the 3 divisions w/i each classification?

1. High met rate, longevity, nonmitotic
2. Dendrites, cell body, Axon
3. Structural and Functiona
4. Structural - Multipolar, Bipolar, Unipolar
5. Functional - Afferent, Efferent, Interneurons.

4 types of Glial Cells CNS

What do they do?

Which part of the Nervous System do they reside?

1. Astrocytes - control blood brain barrier and ionic environment
2. Ependymal Cells - circulate CSF
3. Microglia - Macrophages of CNS
4. Oligondendrocytes - Myelin sheaths

These are always in CNS

2 types of Glial Cells in PNS

What do they do?

One has two names, what is the official name?

1. Satelite cells - don't know (by class notes)
2. Schwan cells - Mylinate PNS axons   Neurolemmocytes

Myelin Sheath

(4)

1. Protectice fatty coating on axons of nerves
2. Supports, protects and insulates axon
3. Greatly increases speed of Conduction, nerve impulses jump from node to node
4. Spaces between myelin sheaths are called nodes of Ranvier
5. Made from oligodendrocytes in CNS and Nurolemmocytes (schwans cells) in PNS

Astrocytes

(6)

1. Helps form the Blood Brain Barrier
2. Regulates tissue fluid composition
3. Structural support/organizes CNS
4. Replaces damaged Neurons - with these
5. Assists w/ neuronal development -secrets chemicals that regulate channels in fetal brain
6. Large cell w/ numerous cells processes, in contact w/ neurons and capillaries, Most Abudant

Ependymal cells

(3)

1. Simple cuboidal epithelial cell ling cavities in brain and spinal cord, cilia on apical surface
2. Lines ventricles of brain and and central canal of spinal cord
3. Assists in production and circulaton of CSF

Microglia

(5)

1. Small cells with slender branches from c/b
2. Least common glial cell
3. Defends agains pathogens
4. Remove debris
5. Phagocytize wastes

Oligodendrocyte

(3)

1. Rounded, bulbous cell with slender cytoplasmic extensions, extensions wrap around CNS axons
2. Myelinates and insulates CNS Axons
3. Allows faster nerve impulse conduction through the axon

Satelite Cell

(4)

1. Flattened cell clustered around neuronal cell bodies in a ganglion.
2. Class notes - function unknowns
3. Book says Protects cell bodies in ganglia
4. Regulates nutrients for cell bodies in ganglia

Neurolemmocytes

(4)

1. Known as Sdchwann cells
2. Flattened cell wrapped around a portion of an axon in the PNS
3. Myelinates and insulates PNS Axons
4. Allows for faster nerve impuse conduction through the axon

1. Bundle of parallel Axons
2. 3 Connective Tissue Wrappings - like muscles

Endoneurium

1. Endoneurium
2. Perineurium
3. Epineurium

Synapses

(4)

1. Site at which neurons communicate
2. Have three Parts
3. Communication with next neuron, muscle or gland achieved through neurotransmitters
4. AP - Ca+ channels open - ACH released.

1. What is a Neuron?
2. What is an Axon?
3. What is a Nerve?

1. Functional unit of the nervous system
2. Longer nerve cell process emiting from cell bodies, transmits nerve impulse
3. Cable like bundle of parallel axons

1. Presynaptic Neuron - synaptic vesicles contain neuro transmitters.
2. Synaptic cleft
3. Post synaptic neuron

• Chain of two motor neurons
• Preganlionic neuron - cell body in brain or spinal cord
• Axon synapses with Postganlionic Neuron
• Postganlionic Neuron - Perpheral autonomic ganglion
• Axon extends to visceral organs 

Sympathetic - Fight or Flight

Parasympathetic - Rest & Digest

What kind of Preganlionic neuron does the sympathetic system have?

The Parasympathetic?

What kind of Postganlionic neron do these systems have?

Sympathetic - short pre - long post

Parasympathetic - long pre - short post

While the neural folds are migrating toward each other, some cells along the lateral border of the folds begin to dissociate from adjacent cells - this is the neural crest. Many different structures come from these cells

 Spinal and crainel nerves

Yes, Many organs are

• Actions of each system usually oppose each other
• Opposing effects are also achieved by increasing or decreasing activity in one division