Term
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Definition
| Map of cellular architecture of cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Divides brain into approximately 50 regions; serves as standard for referring to specific brain areas by number |
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| Purpose of Convoluted Brain Surface |
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Definition
| Allows for a large cellular area within a limited cranial space |
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Definition
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| Primary Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex |
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Definition
| Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital |
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Term
| Secondary Lobe of the Cerebral Cortex |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Disproportionate representation of the brain areas responsible for sensory and motor of each part of the body; somatotopical organization |
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Definition
| Dominant for language and speech, processes brief-duration stimuli, detailed analysis, and processing verbal memory |
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Definition
| Superior at processing pragmatic skills, visual and spatial concepts, music, emotions, and Gestalt processing |
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Definition
| Regions of highest cognitive processing; permit information to flow among the various processing sites, effectively connecting modalities |
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Term
| Three Major Association Areas |
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Definition
| Temporal-occipital-parietal (TOP) association cortex, limbic association cortex, and prefrontal association cortex |
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Term
| Upper Calcarine Operculum |
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Definition
| Receives information from the lower visual fields |
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Term
| Lower Calcarine Operculum |
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Definition
| Receives information from the upper visual fields |
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Term
| Primary Somatosensory Area |
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Definition
| All modalities of somatic sensation are received |
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Term
| Secondary Somatosensory Area |
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Definition
| Sensations are elaborated to awareness |
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Definition
| Where info from the retina is projected; divided into the upper and lower calcarine operculum by calcarine fissure |
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Definition
| Responsible for higher visual functions, such as recognition of object, appreciation of its significance in context of personal experiences, and visual memory; important in ability to read |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient cannot recognize an object despite normal visual perception; due to lesion in the secondary visual cortex |
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Definition
| Impaired ability to recognize faces |
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Definition
| Heschl's gyrus; receives auditory projections from both ears; tonotopically organized |
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Definition
| Specific features of speech signal (such as formant transitions, formant frequencies, and stop-consonant durations) are identified through analysis of acoustic signal |
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Definition
| Secondary auditory area in the left hemisphere; concerned with analysis and elaboration of speech sounds and verbal memory |
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Term
| Secondary Auditory Area in Right Hemisphere |
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Definition
| Primarily concerned with perception of nonverbal material, such as music and environmental sounds |
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Term
| Three Phases of a Voluntary Motor Act |
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Definition
| Identify target, make motor plan, execute motor plan |
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Definition
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Definition
| Secondary motor area, Broca's area |
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Definition
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| Three Major Association Ares |
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Definition
| Temporal-Occipital-Parietal Association Cortex, Limbic Association Cortex, Prefrontal Association Cortex |
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Term
| Temporal-Occipital-Parietal Association Cortex |
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Definition
| Integrates information from the auditory, visual, and somatosensory cortexes |
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Term
| Regions of Limbic Association Area |
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Definition
| regions of parahippocampal gyrus, temporal pole, cingulate gyri, and orbital surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| Involved with motivation, emotion, and memory, making it an ideal association area |
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Term
| Prefrontal Association Area |
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Definition
| Contributes to various cognitive functions such as reasoning, abstract thinking, self-monitoring, decision making, planning, and pragmatic behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| Disorders of reading (alexia), writing (agraphia), and calculation (acalculia) |
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Term
| Prefrontal Association Area Lesions |
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Definition
| Cause patients to be frequently impulsive, uninhibited, apathetic, confused, or have poor initiation |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain commissural fibers that are association fibers that travel across the midline and connect both hemispheres |
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Term
| Parts of the Corpus Callosum |
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Definition
| Rostrum, genu, body, and splenium |
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Definition
| Important in regulating motor functions and muscle tone |
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Definition
| Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, claustrum, and amygdaloid nucleus |
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Definition
| Produces involuntary movement, Parkinson's Disease |
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| Contributes to maintenance of equilibrium and coordination of motor activity by modifying cortical motor functions |
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Definition
| Leads to mild weakness, intention tremors, paucity of movement, ataxia (muscular incoordination), and impaired equilibrium |
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Definition
| Transmission link between brain and body; bidirectional pathway |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain CSF; lateral, third, and fourth |
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Term
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Definition
| Cushion and protection for the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Location where CSF is produced |
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Term
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Definition
| (epidural space) Dura, (subdural space) Arachnoid, (subarachnoid space) Pia |
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