Term
|
Definition
Cell bodies of neurons and glial cells surrounded by neutropil.
External in cranium, internal in SC. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A meshwork of cell processes from neurons (i.e. the dendrites) and glial cells and lightly myelinated axons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Myelinated axons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes.
Internal in cranium, external in SC. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dendrites, axon and cell body |
|
|
Term
| Neurones - requirements / important features |
|
Definition
-in the CNS do not regenerate
-in the PNS have ltd ability to regenerate
-molecules have to be actively transported up and down the axon to the cell body
-they are highly susceptible to injury |
|
|
Term
| Why are neurones highly susceptible to injury? |
|
Definition
have a high met. rate and E demand with little reserve capacity
-highly dependent of a continuous blood supply for oxygen and glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Astrocytes (macroglia)
Oligondendrocytes (macroglia)
Microglia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| appear in the neutropil as cells with rel. large nuclei with dispersed and clumpy chromatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-regulate CNS environment
(incl. BBB and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance)
-structural support
(incl. guiding neuronal development, insulation of nodes of Ranvier)
-inflam and repair in CNS
(main cell involved in repain in CNS and have immunomodulatory potential) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-regulate perineuronal environment
-myelinate axons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the appearance of incr. oligodendrocytes around neurons (in response to injury) |
|
|
Term
| Myelination by oligondendrocytes |
|
Definition
| one oligodendrocyte may have multiple processes that may attach at mulitple points to multiple different neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-CNS development (by phagocytosis and removal of cells during maturation and remodelling)
-immune responses, inflam and degenerative changes (by phagocytosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| line, and move CSF through, the ventricular system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
regulatory and metabolic roles
-permit passage of molc. to/from the CNS and neutropil
-secretion and absorption of CSF
-phagocytosis/endocytosis and detoxification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-provides nutrients
-removes waste products
-protects against trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surround myleinated and unmyelinated axons in the PNS and form myelin sheaths |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Each Schwann cell forms a single internode on a single axon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-maintenance of axons
-regeneration of axons in PNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -in PNS, fibroblasts within collagen surrounding nerve bundles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In PNS, fibroblasts, adipocytes, mast cells |
|
|
Term
| Defence mechanisms in CNS |
|
Definition
-external coverings and CSF
-glia limitans
-BBB
-blood CSF barrier
-immune cell populations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -layer of astrocytic proceses and fibres froming a layer adjacent to the pia mater and covering the brain and SC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-endothelial cells and basement memb.
-astrocyte foot processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tight junction of ependymal choroid plexus epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| Portals of entry of injurious agents in the CNS |
|
Definition
-haematogenous (most common)
-direct extension from adjeacnt structures
-leukocyte trafficking e.g. FeLV
-axonal transport e.g. Rabies virus, Listeria monocytogenes |
|
|
