Term
| what does the autonomic nervous system consist of? |
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Definition
| neurons that innervate involuntary muscle (smooth and cardiac) and glands |
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Term
| what are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system? |
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Definition
| sympathetic, parasympathetic |
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Term
| thesympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system are 1 or 2 neuron systems? |
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Definition
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Term
| where do sympathetic preganglionic neurons originate? |
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Definition
| spinal cord gray matter (spinal segments T1-L2) |
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Term
| where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons originate? |
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Definition
| brainstem and sacral gray matter (S2-S4) |
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Term
| what is the path of a sympathetic impulse that originates at T8 spinal cord level and eventually travels in the ventral ramus of the T8 spinal nerve to innervate a blood vessel or sweat gland located on anterior body wall? |
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Definition
| sympathetic GVE originates in lateral horn at T8 spinal cord level, goes through ventral root to white ramus communicante, goes to sympathetic chain where it synapses with postganglionic neuron, axons exit sympathetic chain via gray ramus, enter ventral ramus to travel to T8 area of gland or vessel |
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Term
| what is different about sympathetic neurons that innervate viscera? |
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Definition
| they do not return to spinal nerves |
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Term
| where do preganglionic sympathetic (GVE) neurons destined for thoracic viscera such as the heart originate? |
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Definition
| upper thoracic segments of the lateral horn (T1-T5) of the spinal cord |
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Term
| what is the path of a sympathetic impulse destined for thoracic viscera? |
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Definition
| sympathetic (GVE) neuron cell bodies originate in the lateral horn, axons exit spinal cord through the ventral root, goes to sympathetic chain via white ramus, synapses on postganglionic neuron, axons exit the chain as cardiac sympathetic nerves to heart or pulmonary nerve to lung, etc., cardiac nerves synapse on nodal tissue (SA or AV) or on coronary arteries to affect the heart; GVA nerves follow same path as sympathetic GVE's to get back to the heart |
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Term
| where do cell bodies of GVA neurons reside? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do GVA neurons typically convey from thoracic viscera? |
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Definition
| heart rate, vessel diameter, pain from heart/viscera into CNS |
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Term
| what is the path of a sympathetic GVE that needs to travel down a cervical nerve to synapse with the heart |
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Definition
| sympathetic GVE originates in lateral horn between T1-T5, exit spinal cord through ventral root, travel to sympathetic chain via white ramus, ascend sympathetic chain to cervical level, synapse with postganglionic neuron in cervical sympathetic chain, exit sympathetic chain directly as cardiac nerve, GVA sends sensory impulse through same path back to CNS |
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Term
| where do preganglionic sympathetic (GVE) neurons destined for abdominopelvic viscera such as the stomach or intestines originate? |
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Definition
| T5-L2 segments of lateral horn of spinal cord |
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Term
| what is the path of a sympathetic nerve from spinal cord to stomach? |
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Definition
| preganglionic sympathetic neuron originates in lateral horn of T5-L2, exits spinal cord through ventral root, travels to sympathetic chain via white ramus, exits sympathetic chain directly WITHOUT SYNAPSING as splanchnic nerve, synapses on postganglionic neuron within a prevertebral ganglion (celiac or mesenteric), postganglionic nerves innervate the organ, GVA nerves travel back to spinal cord along same path |
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Term
| what is the main difference in GVA vs GVE paths in visceral innervation? |
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Definition
| GVE's exit spinal cord through ventral root and GVA's enter spinal cord through dorsal root |
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Term
| what informatio do GVA's carry from abdominopelvic organs to CNS? |
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Definition
| pain, blood vessel diameter |
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Term
| where do GVA cell bodies reside? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the basics of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system |
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Definition
| primarily a homeostatic or anabolic (energy conserving) system, promotes quiet and orderly processes of the body such as feeding, rest and digestion; decreases heart rate; constricts pupils; increases GI motility |
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Term
| where in the body are there no parasympathetics? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many neurons are in the parasympathetic system? |
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Definition
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Term
| where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons that originate in brainstem nuclei exit? |
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Definition
| cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, 10 (vagus) |
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Term
| where do parasympathetic neurons that originate in scaral spinal cord gray matter (S2-S4) exit? |
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Definition
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Term
| which nerve supplies the majority of the parasympathetics to thoracic and abdominal viscera? |
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Definition
| vagus = CN X = wanderer, vagrant |
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Term
| which nerves supply pelvic viscera (bladder, uterus) as well as descending sigmoid colon and rectum? |
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Definition
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Term
| which nerves provide parasympathetics to head and neck region? |
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Definition
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Term
| where do preganglionic parasympathetics synapse? |
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Definition
| in small isolated ganglia in or near the wall of the target organ |
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Term
| which nerve fibers are associatd with parasympathetics? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do GVA neurons convey (generally)? |
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Definition
| pain, "organ status" from visceral organs, glands, mucous membranes, and blood vessels |
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Term
| where are parasympathetic GVA cell bodies found? |
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Definition
| in dorsal root ganglion or along specific cranial nerves |
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Term
| which nerve fibers can spinal nerves carry? |
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Definition
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