Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Nervous and Musculoskeletal System
Physical Assessment refresher
38
Pharmacology
Graduate
02/24/2023

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are the three types of neurons?
Definition
Sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons
Term
Sensory neurons
Definition
Nerve cells activated by sensory input from the environment (related to the 5 senses)
Term
Interneurons
Definition
Connect spinal motor and sensory neurons
Term
Motor neurons
Definition
Part of the PNS that sends impulses from brain/spinal cord to effectors (glands or muscle)
Term
What is Bell's Palsy and what cranial nerve does it involve?
Definition
Facial muscle paralysis due to injury to the 7th cranial nerve (CN VII)
Term
What antibiotics can cause ototoxicity?
Definition
Aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin) and platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin)
Term
What are three common tests for cognitive impairment?
Definition
Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Mini-Cog, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Term
Which is the shortest test for cognitive impairment?
Definition
Mini-Cog
Term
Which is the longest test for cognitive impairment?
Definition
Montreal cognitive assessment
Term
What does PERRLA stand for?
Definition
Pupils are equally round and reactive to light and accommodation
Term
Ischemic stroke
Definition
A clot blocks blood flow to a certain area of the brain
Term
Hemorrhagic stroke
Definition
Bleeding occurs inside or around the brain tissue
Term
What are signs of ototoxicity?
Definition
Tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo (may be reversible or irreversible)
Term
Tendon
Definition
Connects muscle to bone
Matrix = collagen
Term
Ligament
Definition
Connects bone to bone
Matrix = elastin
Term
Abduction
Definition
Moving away from the midline
Term
Adduction
Definition
Moving towards the midline
Term
What drugs are likely to induce tendinopathy?
Definition
Fluoroquinolones and corticosteroids
Term
What does tennis elbow affect?
Definition
Lateral epicondylitis (outer elbow)
Term
What does golfer's elbow affect?
Definition
Medial epicondylitis (inside elbow)
Term
What is Bobinsky's reflex?
Definition
When scraping the bottom of foot from heel to toe causes toes to spread out (normal response in toes curl or nothing happens)
Term
What does a positive Bobinksy's reflex indicate?
Definition
Brain damage
Term
Hyperopia
Definition
Far-sightedness (being able to see clearly at great distances, but not up close)
Term
Myopia
Definition
Near-sightedness (being able to see clearly up close, but not at great distances)
Term
Astigmatism
Definition
Having an irregularly shaped cornea or lens causing mismatches curves
Term
What are cataracts?
Definition
Clouding of the lens due to protein build-up
Term
What is nystagmus?
Definition
Involuntary movement/jerking of the eyes
Term
What can cause nystagmus?
Definition
Alcohol, lithium or other drugs, optic nerve damage
Term
What are the 5 red flags that prompt physician referral for eye problems?
Definition
Moderate-severe pain (5/10)
Redness of affected eye
Photophobia (pen light shining)
Reduced visual acuity
Foreign body or penetrating eye trauma
Term
Conductive hearing loss
Definition
Disorder in external-middle ear, the conductive phase
Term
Sensorineural hearing loss
Definition
Disorder involving the cochlea and cochlear nerve (inner ear), the sensorineural phase
Term
Eustachian tube
Definition
Canal that links the middle ear with the back of the nose and serves to equalize the pressure in the middle ear with the ambient air
Term
What are the 4 cardinal signs of strep throat?
Definition
Fever, swollen lymph nodes, red inflamed throat, absence of cough
Term
What are thyroid levels in hypothyroidism?
Definition
High TSH, low T3/T4
Term
What are thyroid levels in hyperthyroidism?
Definition
Low TSH, high T3/T4
Term
What is Hashimoto's disease?
Definition
Low thyroid
Term
What is Graves' disease?
Definition
High thyroid
Term
Presbyopia
Definition
Gradual loss of eyes' ability to focus that occurs naturally with increase in age
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