Term
| The peripheral nervous system contists of___________nerves. |
|
Definition
| 12 cranial and 31 spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| Name two major structural categories of sensory receptors, gining functions. |
|
Definition
Simple- General senses- Temp,Pain, light touch
Complex- Sense organs- vision hearing equilibrium, taste, smell |
|
|
Term
| Name two kinds of simple sensory receptors |
|
Definition
free nerve endings
Encapsulated endings |
|
|
Term
| Name three kinds of simple sensory receptors that are free nerve endings |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the functions of simple sensory receptors with encapsulated endings |
|
Definition
| all are mechanoreceptors- touch pressure proprioception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conscious interpretation of stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a bundle of nerve fibers surrounded by connective tissues |
|
|
Term
| three types of nerves are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collection of neuron cell bodies associated with nerves in PNS |
|
|
Term
| there are _________ pairs of cranial nerves which connect ____________________________________________________________. Most are _____ nerves. |
|
Definition
12
brain to structures in head, neck, trunk
mixed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sensory fibers enter the spinal cord via a ________. Their neuron cell bodies reside in the __________. |
|
Definition
dorsal root
dorsal root ganglion |
|
|
Term
| motor fibers exit the spinal cord through a _______. their neuron cell bodies reside in __________________. |
|
Definition
ventral root
grey matter of spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| most spinal nerves combine to form a set of interconnections called a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
cervical plexuses supply __________
brachial plexuses supply __________
lumbosacral plexuses supply _______ |
|
Definition
muscles and skin of neck, diaphragm
muscles and skin of arm
lower abdominal area: leg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli |
|
|
Term
| name two examples of somatic spinal reflexes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two motor divisions of the peripheral nervous system are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| somatic nervous system fibers connect the CNS to ____________. The somatic nervous system oversees ___________. |
|
Definition
skin and skeletal muscles
conscious activities |
|
|
Term
| the control of the autonomic nervous system is __________. ANS motor fibers innervate ___________________. |
|
Definition
involuntary
smooth, cardiac muscles, glands |
|
|
Term
| autonomic nervous system fibers are ________ fibers. ANS preganglionic neurons reside in the _____; their fibers usually synapse with a _____________ in a ganglion. |
|
Definition
efferent
CNS
ganglionic neuron |
|
|
Term
| the two neurotransmitters of the ANS are _________. These may cause _________ or ________. |
|
Definition
acetycholine & norepinephrine
excitation or inhibtion |
|
|
Term
| two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are _______. The sympathetic division brings about "__________" responses. The parasympathetic division brings "_______" responses. |
|
Definition
parasympathetic & sympathetic
fight or flight
rest or digest |
|
|
Term
| parasympathetic preganglionic neurons arise in the _______ and ______. Their fibers synapse in _________. |
|
Definition
brain stem
sacral region of spinal cord
ganglia near organs or in organs |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic preganglionic neurons arise from _________. Their axons enter __________, where they may synapse. Some sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse in _________. Some ________ synapse directly with the adrenal medulla. |
|
Definition
spinal cord T1-L2
chain ganglia
collaterateral ganglia
splanchnic nerve fibers |
|
|
Term
| control center for ANS reflex activity are in __________. Examples are |
|
Definition
spinal cord and brain stem
heart rate, breathing, vasomotor |
|
|
Term
| the ________ intergrates autonomic, somatic, and endocrine responses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the cortex influences the ANS through the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The meninges are__________________ The three layers are(from superficial to deep):__________________________________________________________________________ |
|
Definition
membranes surround brain and spinal cord
dura mater(outer), arachnoid mater(middle), pia mater(thin inner) |
|
|
Term
| 2. Four major parts of the brain are___________________________________. |
|
Definition
| cerebrum, Diencephalon, Brain Stem, cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| 3. The cerebral cortex is _____________________-- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4. Functions of the cerebral cortex are__________________________ |
|
Definition
| thought, reasoning, sensory interpretation, control voluntary muscle, memory storage. |
|
|
Term
| 5. Primary motor areas of the cerebrum are located_______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6. Sensory areas are located_____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 7. The function of association areas in the cerebrum is ___________________________________ |
|
Definition
| analyze and interpret impulses memory, reasoning, verbalization, judgement and emotions |
|
|
Term
| 8. The function of cerebral white matter is ___________________ |
|
Definition
| communication between cerebral areas and between cortex and other cns centers |
|
|
Term
| 9. Basal nuclei are_______________ |
|
Definition
| masses of grey matter in cerebrum |
|
|
Term
| 9.5 their functions are___________ |
|
Definition
| relay motor impulses originating in cerebrum aid in motor activities |
|
|
Term
| 10. Three major regions of the diencephalon are the__________________ |
|
Definition
| thalamus, hypothalamus, epthalamus |
|
|
Term
| 11. the function of the thalamus is_________________ |
|
Definition
| relays all ascending impulses to cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
| 12. The function of the hypothalamus is _____________ |
|
Definition
| main visceral control center, homeostasis links to endocrine system |
|
|
Term
| 13. The epithalamus contains the __________________and a __________________ |
|
Definition
pineal gland
choroids plexus |
|
|
Term
| 14. Three major regions of the brain stem are the___________ |
|
Definition
| mid-brain, pons, medulla oblongata |
|
|
Term
15 Give the function : Midbvrain:________
Pons:_____________
Medulla oblongata__________ |
|
Definition
reflex centers for eye and head movement
relays impulses, regulates breathing
transmits all ascending and descending impulses contains cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, non vital reflexes. |
|
|
Term
| 16. Functions of the cerebellum are_________ |
|
Definition
| coordinates skeletal muscle movement, maintains posture |
|
|
Term
| 17. Ventricles are__________fill with _____________ |
|
Definition
cacities in cerebral hemispheres
cerebrospinal fluid. |
|
|
Term
| 18. Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by_____and reabsorbed into__________ |
|
Definition
choroids plexuses
blood of dural sinuses |
|
|
Term
| 19. two functional brain systems are the__________________________ |
|
Definition
| Limbic, reticular formation. |
|
|
Term
| 20. The function of the limbic system is________________________ |
|
Definition
| produces emoti9ons, modifies behavior. |
|
|
Term
| 21. The functions of the reticular formation are_____________________ |
|
Definition
| filters sensory impulses, "awakens" cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
| 22. There are____paris of spinal nerves extending from the spinal cord. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 23. Gray matter in the spinal cord contains________________. White Matter contains_________________. |
|
Definition
neuron cell bodies
bundles of myelinated nerve gibers. |
|
|
Term
24. Ascending tracts in the spinal cord carry___________________
Descending tracts carry_________________ |
|
Definition
sensory impulses to brain
motor impulses to muscles and glands. |
|
|
Term
| 1. The two divisions of the nervous system are the ______________and _________ |
|
Definition
central cns,
peripheal pns |
|
|
Term
| 2. Three functions of the nervous system are _______________ |
|
Definition
| sensory reception, integration effector impulse activation |
|
|
Term
| 3. Name two types of nerve processes(fibers) on neurons and their functions:____________________ |
|
Definition
dendrites - receiveimpulses - highly branched
Axon - sends impulse-may be branched |
|
|
Term
| The myelin sheath is ___________ On peripheral neurons it is produced by_________ |
|
Definition
layers of lipid filled extensions surrounding the axon
Schwam Cell |
|
|
Term
| 5. Name and describe 3 types of neurons based on structural classification________________ |
|
Definition
bi-polar - one dendrite, one axon - eyes nose ears
Unipolar - one fiber to sid of cell body - enters brain or spinal cord
Multipolar - many dendrites, one axon, brain or spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
| 6. Name and state the function of 3 types of neurons based on functional classification.___________ |
|
Definition
Sensory neurons-(afferent)
interneurons,
Motor Neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells that aid neurons many ways |
|
|
Term
| 7.5 Name five types, where located(cns or pns), and function. |
|
Definition
pns-Schwann- produce myelin sheath
cns-Astrocytes-between neurons- blood vessels- support neurons metabolic functions
oligodendrocytes-feq dendrites-forms myelin in brain and spinal cord.
microglia - structural support and phagocytosis
Epyndymal - form inner lining of central canal and ventricles |
|
|
Term
| 8. In a resting cell, the positively charged ion in higher concentration on the outsid of the cell is _____, on the inside is ____ |
|
Definition
Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+) |
|
|
Term
| 9. Because of differences in permeability of the cell membrane for these ions, the inside of the membrane has a slight positive/negative (circle One charged compared to the outside. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 10.__________________occurs when the inside of the membrane becomes less negative. _____________occurs when the inside of the membrane becomes more negative. |
|
Definition
Depolarization
Hyperpolarization. |
|
|
Term
| 11. When depolarization reaches threshold potential,_____________ is tiggered. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 12. During and action potential, fir_________channels open, causing______, then_________channels open, causing_________________ |
|
Definition
Sodium (Na+)
Na+ to move in (depolarization)
K+ potassium
K+ to move out (repolarization) |
|
|
Term
| 13. The refractory period is _____________ |
|
Definition
| membrane won't respond for a brief time |
|
|
Term
| 14. The all-or-none response means that_________________________ |
|
Definition
| when stimulus reaches threshold - impulse is full strength - always the same |
|
|
Term
15. Is impulse conduction faster on: myelinated or unmyelinated fibers?____
large or small-diamter fibers?____________? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 16. A synapse is___________________ |
|
Definition
| a junction between neuron and another cell - affector |
|
|
Term
| 17. When an action ptential reaches a synaptic knob, ________ flows in, teriggering the release of _________by synaptic vesicles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 18. What are two effects a neurotransmitter may have on a postsynaptic membrane? |
|
Definition
Depolarize - excitatory post synaptic
hyperpolarize - inhibitory post synaptic |
|
|
Term
19. Name 5 categories of neurotransmitters
___________________________ |
|
Definition
| acetycholine, Amino Acids, Biogenic Amines, Peptides Novel messengers - ATP VO, CO |
|
|
Term
| 20. Biogenic amines are found in the ___________. Their function is to ________________________________ |
|
Definition
Brain
help regulate emotions, bilogical clocks |
|
|
Term
| 21. What is the function of neuropeptides? ___________ |
|
Definition
| Reduce perception of pain |
|
|
Term
22. Neuronal pools are _______________________________________________________________________
They are located in__________ |
|
Definition
groups of neurons that intergrate incoming information. and then forward processed information to other cells.
CNS |
|
|
Term
| 23. Difine Facilitation: ____________ |
|
Definition
| Neuron ceceives more information/ excitatory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sense of smell from nasal mucosal
Sensory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sense of vision from retina
Sensory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
supplies muscles that move the eyeball
Motor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
supplies a muscle that moves eyeball
Motor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
supplies face and chewing muscles
Both |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
supplies muscle that moves eyeball
Motor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
supplies tongue, muscles in face
Both |
|
|
Term
| VIII. Bestibulocochlear Nerve |
|
Definition
senses of hearing and balance
Sensory |
|
|
Term
| IX> Glossopharyngeal Nerve |
|
Definition
supplies tongue and pharynx
Both |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
supplies organs in head, thorax and abdomen
Both |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
supplies pharynx, neck muscles
Motor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
supplies tongue - moving muscles
Motor |
|
|
