Term
| What is the normal thoracic ration? |
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Definition
1:2 or 5:7
1:1 is barrel chested |
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Term
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Definition
| seated in a chair or overhead table; arms out in front (allows for greater chest expansion); commonly seen in patients with COPD |
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Term
|
Definition
| sunken sternum (funnel chest) |
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Term
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Definition
| protusion of sternum (pigeon chested) |
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Term
| How do you assess posterior chest expansion? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you assess anterior expansion? |
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Definition
| Thumbs along costal margins toward xiphoid - want bilateral expansion of both sides |
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Term
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Definition
| palpating chest while client speaks "ninety-nine" gives information about underlying density of lung tissue & compare symmetery of chest wall |
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Term
| conditions that decrease transmission of vibrations through lung tissue & chest wall |
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Definition
- thick chest wall
- site distal to major bronchi
- pneumothorax
- obstructed bronchus
- pleural effusion
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Term
Percussion Notes:
over bone
over heart
over inflated lung (emphysema) |
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Definition
- over bone is goine to be flat
- over hear/other organ - dull
- over inflated lung (emphysema) - going to heart hyper resonance
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Term
| Where is cardiac dullness hear? |
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Definition
| 3-5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line |
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Term
| Where is liver dullness heard? |
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Definition
| 5th intercostal spave at right midclavicular line |
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Term
| Where is tympany heard in the anterior thorax? |
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Definition
| Tympnay after 7th or 8th intercostal space at lateral thorax |
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Term
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Definition
| Assess depth of ventilation by measuring distance the diaphragm moves during full expiration & inspiration (normal is 3-5 cm) |
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Term
|
Definition
| U shaped depression above sternum |
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Term
|
Definition
| Joining of manubrium to sternum (also called sternal angle) |
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Term
|
Definition
| 3-4 cm above inner third of clavicle |
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Term
| Where is the base of the lung located? |
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Definition
| Base rests on diaphragm at 6th rib mid clavicular line |
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Term
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Definition
| Extends from axilla to the 7th or 8th rib |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| T3 divides _____ and _____ _______ |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which lung is longer and narrower? |
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Definition
| The Left lung is narrower and longer than the right lung |
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Term
| Bronchial (tracheal) sounds |
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Definition
- hars, loud, hollow sound
- longer on expiration than ispiration
- heard over trachea
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Term
|
Definition
- moderate loud sound
- equal length of time for inspiration & expiration
- heard in 1st and 2nd interspaces anteriorly & between scapulae
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Term
|
Definition
- soft low pitch, rustling
- heard over most of lung fields
- inspiration last longer than expiration
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Term
| Causes of Decreased Breath Sounds |
|
Definition
- large and thick chest wall
- emphysema clients
- bronchial obstruction
- atelectasis
- large pneumothorax
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Term
| Cause of increased breath sounds |
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Definition
| consolidation (pneumonia) - fluid in lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| short discrete, interrupted, crackling sound similar to sound produced rubbing hair between fingers |
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Term
|
Definition
- Continuous sounds produced by movement of air through trancheaobronchial tree
- Predominant in expiration (sounds like opening Velcro)
- ABNORMAL SOUND
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Term
|
Definition
- Similar to rhonchi but higher pitched and musical
- Occur throughout respirator cycle
- ABNORMAL SOUND
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Term
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Definition
| Increased loudness and clarity when client repeats "99" |
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Term
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Definition
| Whisper 1-2-3 which are heard as distinct and understandable |
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Term
|
Definition
| ask client to say "e-e-e" which becomes transmitted to sound like "a-a-a" |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibrous bands connecting one bone to another bone |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibrous band connecting muscle to bone |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue important for smooth joint function |
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Term
|
Definition
| Enclosed sac of synovial fluid to help muscles and tendons glide smoothly over bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| vertebral column, pubic symphisis |
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Term
|
Definition
- Most common is synovial joint
- Bone structures come in contact with each other and are covered with cartilage
- Capsule surrounds joint attaching bone on either side of joint
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Term
|
Definition
Movement in one axis
Ex: flexion and extension (elbow) |
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Term
|
Definition
Rotation on one axis
Ex: proximal end of radio ulnar elbow joint |
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Term
|
Definition
Movement in 2 axis: flexion, extensino, abductin, adduction (no rotation)
Ex: between radius and carpals |
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Term
|
Definition
polyaxial joint: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumductin
Ex: shoulder |
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Term
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Definition
bone surface is flat & one articulation surface rides over another
EX: patellar femoral joint |
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Term
|
Definition
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction to allow opposition
EX: Carpal and thumb metacarpal |
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Term
| Systemic Musculoskeltal disease |
|
Definition
• Chronic illnesses with symptoms of generalized weakness, pain, & episodic (exacerbation and remission phases) stiffness of joints
Ex: Rheumatoid arthritis and lupus
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Term
| Local Musculoskeletal Disease |
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Definition
• Basically healthy but suffer restriction of motion & pain in single area
Ex: back pain, tennis elbow, bursitis
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Term
|
Definition
- Involves symmeteric Joints
- Pain worsens in AM
- Movement decreases pan and stiffness
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Term
|
Definition
- Involves unilateral or isolated joint
- Movement increases pain, worse in later day
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Term
|
Definition
| Worse in AM and improves during day |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Shortening of muscles (prolonged immobility) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Crunching that accompanies movement |
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Term
|
Definition
- Compression of median nerve inside carpal tunnel
- Caused by chronic repetitive motion
- Symptoms of pain, burning, numbness in hand/finger
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Term
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Definition
- Confirms fluid in knee join
- stroke the medial aspect of the knee to displace the fluid to the lateral side
- observe for distinct bulge to return to medial aspect which confirms fluid in knee joint
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Term
|
Definition
| Assessment for large amount of fluid in knee joint |
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Term
|
Definition
- functional- disappears with forward bending
- structural- may see rib hump (accentuated contour on one side) with flexion, unequal shoulder scapulae, elbow, & hips level
- Age: adolescents high risk age group - higher incidence in girls
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Term
|
Definition
- Pain, swelling, redness
- Inflammation of joint due to uric acid deposits
- Associated with elevated serum uric acid
- Metatarsal joint most common
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Term
|
Definition
Positive if it produces sciatic pain
Confirms the presence of herniated nucleus pulpous |
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Term
|
Definition
| Flexion contracture of metacarpohalangeal joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| Knuckle looks as if it is being pushed through buttonhole |
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Term
| Osteoarthritic Deformities |
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Definition
Bouchard's Nodes- proximal interphalangeal joint
Heberden's nodes - distal interphalangeal joint |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| lateral deviation of great toe with medial prominence of head of first metatarsal |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Deformity of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th toes; hyperextension of metatarsophalangeal join and flexion of proximal joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| border between cornea and sclera |
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Term
|
Definition
| outer layer of tough protective covering |
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Term
|
Definition
- Palpebral conjuctiva is mucous membrane that lines the lids and has many small blood vessels
- Bulbar conjunctiva overlays eyeball and at the lumbus merges with cornea
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Term
|
Definition
| Covers and protects the iris and pupil |
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Term
| Outer layer of internal structures of the eye |
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Definition
- Sclera
- Conjunctive
- Cornea
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Term
| Middle layer of the internal structure of the eyes |
|
Definition
- Choroid
- Lens
- Iris
- Anterior chamber
- Posterior Chamber
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Term
|
Definition
| Delivers blood to the retina |
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Term
|
Definition
| Posterior to the pupil and refracts to keep object on retina |
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Term
|
Definition
| muscle fibres of iris contracts to constrict pupil |
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Term
|
Definition
| Behind cornea and in front of iris |
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Term
|
Definition
| lies behind the iris; aqueous humour delivers nutrients and drains metabolic waste |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| gel like substance that is behind the lens and surrounds the retina holding it against the choroid |
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Term
|
Definition
| Light is not uniformly focused in all directions; commonly due to a cornea that is not perfectly speherical |
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Term
|
Definition
| Decrease in near vision as a result of the lens losing elasticity and unable to accommodate for near vision |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Measures peripheral vision |
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Term
| Extraoccular Motor Funciton Tests |
|
Definition
- Cover-uncover test - phoria is mild weakness noted only when fusion is blocked
- 6 cardinal positions of gaze (1,3,,5,7,9,11)
- Corneal Light Reflex
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Turning inward of lid margin and lashes rub on eyeball |
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Term
|
Definition
| Turning outward of lid margin (older adults) |
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Term
|
Definition
| distance between upper and lower lids should be equal; Upper eyelid covers only upper margin of the iris when eyes are open |
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Term
|
Definition
| drooping lif; neuromusuclar weakness or nerve damage |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of lacrimal sac |
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Term
|
Definition
| red flush is seen around iris and cornea |
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Term
|
Definition
| A red flush extends from the periphery toward iris |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal growth of bulbar conjunctive tissue usually from nasal side toward center |
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