Term
Hepatoma (liver cells) and Melanoma (neuroectoderm)
are actually... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pleomorphism, hyperchromatism, increased N:C ratio, abundant mitoses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pleomorphism, hyperchromatism, increased N:C ratio + abnormal mitoses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only feature that differentiates anaplasia from dysplasia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| means that more than two daughter cells created or two daughter cells are not equal in size |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anaplasia is only seen in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major characteristic of malignancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this type of tumor has a capsule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this type of tumor extends by invasion and has no capusle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mitotic figures normal in this neoplasm type |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hallmark of malignant tumor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gliomas of CNS (glioblastoma multiforme) and basal cell carinomas of skin (face often) are two exceptions of malignant tumors that do not show the hallmark, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tumor type often show large nucleoli, tumor giant cells and hyperochromatic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| constitutional effects are rare with benign tumors except for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| seeding of body cavities and surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| metastases from mucous secreting carcinomas of ovary or appendix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| metastatic tumor masses in ovaries, result of spread through peritoneal cavity from primary carcinoma of stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tumor cells may be destroyed in lymph nodes by immune mechanisms consisting of proliferation of T cells and histiocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| brain, liver, bone affected by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| often causes vertebral metastasis |
|
Definition
| carcinoma thyroid, prostate |
|
|
Term
Grade I-IV of cancer based on number of mitosis and degree of differentiation
1-4 based on increased |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
based on
1) size of tumor
2) extent of spread to regional lymph nodes
3) presence or absence of metastases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TNM system; T is 0-4
refers to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
preinvasive stage of malignant epithelioid tumor,
displays all cytological features of malignancy
commonly seen in epithelium, basement membrane INTACT, does not invade subepithelial tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which is more rare polyclonal tumors or monolonal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acquisition of heterogeneicity refered to as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| promotes vascularization of neoplasm |
|
Definition
| TAF (tumor angiogenesis factor) |
|
|
Term
Examples:
cancer of lungs -> pericardium
breast cancer -> chest muscle (immovable) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Examples:
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: carcinoma of ovary or appendix that fills peritoneal cavity
Krukenberg tumor:
starts in stomach classically then heads to ovary through peritoneal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hematological spread from ARTERIES of lungs usually metastasizes in |
|
Definition
| brain (most common), liver, bone |
|
|
Term
| important enzymes in cancer spreading |
|
Definition
| proteases and metalloproteinases |
|
|
Term
| These cells are less tightly adherant that normal cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Calcium is lower, leading to increased negative charge and causes these cells to repel each other |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adheision of basement membrane and penetration through ECM by tuor cells is accomplished by receptor mediated binding of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| malignant tumors rarely spread to these areas because of enzymatic environment present |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prostatic carcinoma preferentailly spreads to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| neuroblastomas preferentially spread to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bronchogenic carcinomas preferentially spread to |
|
Definition
|
|
